Table 2 Gait parameters at preferred speed by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score

 1. Velocity [cm/s]

129.9 ± 18.0

112.8 ± 18.2

89.2 ± 19.2

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 2. Stride length [cm]

134.8 ± 15.8

122.8 ± 15.4

102.8 ± 17.4

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 3. Walk ratio^a [cm/(steps/min)]

0.59 ± 0.08

0.56 ± 0.08

0.50 ± 0.08

< 0.001

0.002

< 0.001

< 0.001

 4. Single support time [ms]

392 ± 28

398 ± 33

402 ± 39

0.014

0.032

0.004

0.266

 5. Double support time [ms]

260 ± 43

304 ± 56

364 ± 76

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 6. Step width^b [cm]

8.9 ± 2.9

9.7 ± 3.0

11.6 ± 3.9

< 0.001

0.007

< 0.001

< 0.001

 7. Step width^b CV^c [%]

25.3 ± 16.0

26.2 ± 14.8

23.7 ± 14.8

0.216

0.535

0.327

0.073

 8. Stride length CV^c [%]

3.2 ± 1.5

3.8 ± 1.8

5.4 ± 3.0

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001