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Table 1 Characteristics (N = 642)

From: Reference values of gait characteristics in community-dwelling older persons with different physical functional levels

Characteristics (self-reported)

Expression

n (%) or mean ± SD (range min - max)

Group size

Number

642

Sex

male / female

233 (36.3) / 409 (63.7)

Age

Mean ± SD

78.5 ± 4.8 (range 70.1–93.4)

Fear of falling

Yes

309/631 (48.1)

Falls during last 12 months

Yes

232/640 (36.1)

Patient Health Questionnaire German version (PHQ-9)

Mean ± SD (continuous score)

3.1 ± 3.2 (range 0–24)

Clock completion test (CCT)

Mean ± SD (Shulman)

1.9 ± 0.9 (range 1–5)

Body mass index (BMI) [kg/m2]

Mean ± SD

27.3 ± 4.4

Heart disease

Yes

333/622 (51.9)

Timed Up and Go (TUG) [s]

Mean ± SD

11.9 ± 3.2 (range 6.1–32.2)

Pain: 6-point Behavioral Rating Scale (BRS-6)

Yes

329/641 (51.2)

Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)a

12–11 points: Robust

174/642 (27.1)

10–8 points: Transient

284/642 (44.2)

7–0 points: Frail

184/642 (28.7)

Functional competence according to LUCAS Functional Ability Indexb

Robust

104/642 (16.2)

Transient

323/642 (50.3)

Frail

215/642 (33.5)

  1. SD Standard deviation, n Number of cases
  2. aClassification on own clinical experience and on Roquebert and colleagues [31], Cesari and colleagues [32] and Vasunilashorn and colleagues [40]
  3. bClassification according to LUCAS Functional Ability Index [20]