Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the respondents

Age Mean; SD (range)

80.8; 7.7 (60–97)

83.0; 7.2 (64–97)

.011^a

Education N (%)

Elementary

11 (9.2)

62 (31.5)

.0004^b

Vocational

55 (46.2)

61 (31.0)

Secondary

35 (29.4)

67 (34.0)

Tertiary

18 (15.1)

7 (3.6)

Social involvement

 With whom the older adult lives N(%)

Alone

20 (16.8)

95 (48.2)

 < .0001^b

With partner

87 (73.1)

69 (35.0)

With others

12 (10.1)

33 (16.8)

 Participation in social activities N(%)

 > 30 days ago

38 (32,0)

78 (39.6)

.655^b

 < 30 days ago

70 (58.8)

101 (51.3)

Cannot be determined*

11(9.2)

18 (9.1)

 Visit of relatives/friends N(%)

 > 30 days ago

9 (7.6)

12 (6.1)

.161^b

 < 30 days ago

110 (92.4)

185 (93.9)

 Contact with relatives/friends (phone, email) N(%)

 > 7 days ago

18 (15.1)

30 (15.2)

.891^b

 ≤ 7 days ago

101 (84.9)

167 (84.8)

 Time spent alone daily N (%)

 ≥ 8 h

29 (24.4)

70 (35.5)

.217^b

 < 8 h

90 (75.6)

127 (64.5)

Clinical characteristics

 Hearing Impairment N (%)

No/Minimum

97 (81.5)

175 (88.8)

.024

Medium/Severe

22 (18.5)

22 (11.2)

 Visual Impairment N (%)

No/Minimum

104 (87.4)

160 (81.2)

.098

Medium/Severe

15 (12.6)

37 (18.8)

Depression (GDS-15 score [Mean; SD]))

4.9; 3.8

5.1; 3.9

.651^a

Self-Sufficiency in ADL (BADLS-CZ % [Mean; SD])

77.3; 20.5

76.7; 18.8

.788^a

Pain (HVAS score [Mean; SD])

2.1; 2.6

2.5; 2.7

.253

Physical Performance (SPPB total score [Mean; SD])

7.1; 3.7

5.6; 3.8

.001

Psychological characteristics

 Dignity (PDI-CZ [Mean; SD])

41.9; 15.5

43.1; 15.5

.493

  Domains Loss of Purpose of Life

22.5; 8.8

23.4; 9.1

.378

   Loss of Autonomy

8.7; 3.5

8.9; 3.9

.772

   Loss of Confidence

6.8; 2.8

7.2; 2.8

.288

   Loss of Social support

3.8; 1.8

3.7; 1.3

.342

Attitude to Aging (AAQ total score [Mean; SD])

73.7; 13.3

72.6; 10.0

.428