Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study participants
|  | Total (n = 926) | Leader (n = 54) | Member (n = 872) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n or mean | % or (SD) | n or mean | % or (SD) | n or mean | % or (SD) | |
Age | 78.3 | (6.1) | 76.7 | (5.0) | 78.4 | (6.1) |
Sex | ||||||
 Female | 737 | 79.6 | 33 | 61.1 | 704 | 80.7 |
 Missing | 15 | 1.6 | 2 | 3.7 | 13 | 1.5 |
Living arrangements | ||||||
 Living alone | 264 | 28.5 | 11 | 20.4 | 253 | 29.0 |
 Living with spouse | 332 | 35.9 | 28 | 51.9 | 304 | 34.9 |
 Living with children | 136 | 14.7 | 5 | 9.3 | 131 | 15.0 |
 Living with spouse and children | 122 | 13.2 | 7 | 12.9 | 115 | 13.2 |
 Living with children and grandchild | 47 | 5.1 | 3 | 5.5 | 44 | 5.0 |
 Others | 22 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 22 | 2.6 |
 Missing | 3 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.3 |
Time of living in the ward | 42.9 | (17.8) | 44.9 | (18.6) | 42.8 | (17.8) |
Being employed | ||||||
 Yes | 93 | 10.0 | 5 | 9.3 | 88 | 10.1 |
 Missing | 17 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 17 | 1.9 |
Economic status | ||||||
 Sufficient | 800 | 86.4 | 51 | 94.4 | 749 | 85.9 |
 Insufficient | 120 | 13.0 | 3 | 5.6 | 117 | 13.4 |
 Missing | 6 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.7 |
The frequency of going out | 5.2 | (1.7) | 5.4 | (1.5) | 5.1 | (1.8) |
Under medical treatment | ||||||
 None | 169 | 18.3 | 11 | 20.4 | 158 | 18.1 |
 Hypertension | 450 | 48.6 | 23 | 42.6 | 427 | 49.0 |
 Arthralgia | 185 | 20.0 | 9 | 16.7 | 176 | 20.2 |
 Diabetes | 165 | 17.8 | 6 | 11.1 | 159 | 18.2 |
 Cataract | 142 | 15.3 | 5 | 9.3 | 137 | 15.7 |
Certification for long-term care independence | 805 | 86.9 | 50 | 92.6 | 755 | 86.6 |