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Table 3 Relationships of background characteristics and self-management abilities to cognitive functioning among frail older people (n = 567; multivariate linear mixed-effects models)

From: Are self-management abilities beneficial for frail older people’s cognitive functioning?

Characteristic

Cognitive functioning

 

β (SE)

p

Intercept

11.23

< 0.001

Sex (female)

0.03 (0.19)

0.865

Age (years)

−0.05 (0.02)

0.004

Marital status (single/widowed/divorced)

0.36 (0.19)

0.061

Education (low)

−0.49 (0.17)

0.005

Initiative taking

0.23 (0.11)

0.030

Investment behavior

0.24 (0.11)

0.030

Resource variety

0.21 (0.12)

0.074

Resource multifunctionality

0.17 (0.10)

0.085

Self-efficacy

−0.16 (0.11)

0.136

Positive frame of mind

0.07 (0.07)

0.094

  1. SE Standard error