Table 2 Changes in functional independence and key outcomes over the 8-week wait-list period
From: Promoting independence in Lewy body dementia through exercise: the PRIDE study
n | Baseline Median (range) | Pre—Intervention Median (range) | Wa | Sig | Median change score (95% Hodges-Lehmann CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Functional Independence | ||||||
MDS-UPDRS total /260 | 9 | 86 (57–169) | 106 (45–180) | 1.995 | 0.051 | 13 (-1, 34.5) |
Exercise completersa | 6 | 62 (57–169) | 78.5 (45–180) | 1.363 | 0.173 | 6.5 (-10, 19.5) |
Part I/II sub-score /104 | 9 | 36 (16–75) | 38 (13–84) | 1.897 | 0.058 | 6 (-0.5, 14) |
Part III sub-score /132 | 9 | 46 (33–82) | 55 (32–95) | 1.186 | 0.236 | 5.5 (-6.5, 17.5) |
Part IV /24 | 9 | 0 (0–12) | 2 (0–8) | 0.841 | 0.4 | 0.5 (-1.5, 3) |
FIM total score /126 | 9 | 102 (30–122) | 100 (25–121) | -0.889 | 0.374 | -3 (-11, 9) |
Strength & Physical Function | ||||||
Leg press 1RM, N | 6 | 1375 (355–3100) | 1200 (830–3000) | -1.682 | 0.093 | -150 (-373, 40) |
Leg extension 1RM, N·m | 6 | 240 (35–550) | 180 (120–570) | -1.572 | 0.116 | -65 (-150, 35) |
Triceps extension 1RM, N | 6 | 450 (150–850) | 470 (100–800) | -0.946 | 0.344 | -45 (-200, 40) |
SPPB total score, /12 | 9 | 7 (1–12) | 7 (0–12) | -2.414 | 0.016 | -1.5 (-2.5, -0.5) |
Sub-scores: | ||||||
Balance, /4 | 4 (0–4) | 2 (0–4) | -1.414 | 0.157 | 0 (-1, 0) | |
Gait, /4 | 3 (1 -4) | 2 (0–4) | -1.134 | 0.257 | -0.5 (-1, 0.5) | |
Sit-to-stand, /4 | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–4) | -1.633 | 0.102 | -1 (-2, 0) | |
Habitual gait speed, ms−1 | 7 | 0.69 (.11–1.01) | 0.75 (0.42–1.09) | -0.169 | 0.866 | -0.1 (-0.19, 0.13) |
Maximal gait speed, ms−1 | 7 | 1.41 (0.75–2.03) | 1.21 (0.94–2.38) | -0.338 | 0.735 | -0.03 (-0.37, 0.29) |
Five time sit-to-stand, s | 7 | 13.8 (8.1–33.7) | 11.5 (8.09–28.3) | -0.169 | 0.866 | -0.2 (-3.8, 3.3) |
Total balance time, s | 9 | 60.84 (0.0–75.91) | 47.72 (0.0–83.43) | -1.183 | 0.237 | -1.9 (-22.5, 8.7) |
Average grip strength, kg | 8 | 25.5 (12.5–40.0) | 23.75 (7–41.50) | -0.17 | 0.865 | 0 (-3.75, 2.75) |
Six-minute walk, m | 8 | 358 (57–718) | 353 (0–727) | -0.7 | 0.484 | -14 (-115, 44) |
Physical activity | ||||||
Total daily activity, g/hr | 9 | 120.1 (45.4–262.7) | 91.0 (34.7–186.6) | -2.429 | 0.015 | -20.9 (-48.4, -7.2) |
Proportion of day, % | 10.81 (7.81–20.29) | 9.56 (1.67–17.2) | -2.31 | 0.021 | -2.56 (-4.90, -0.56) | |
Daily walking time, mins | 46.8 (7.2–172.2) | 34.8 (4.8–139.2) | -2.666 | 0.008 | -16.4 (-29.9. -4.0) | |
Proportion of day, % | 3.25 (0.49–11.94) | 2.43 (0.33–9.68) | -2.666 | 0.008 | -1.1 (-2.08, -0.28) | |
Step count, n | 4158 (567–12,511) | 2710 (400–9327) | -2.31 | 0.021 | -998 (-2200, -113) | |
Total bouts of walking, n | 139 (35–377) | 113 (21–317) | -2.433 | 0.015 | -26 (-57, -4) | |
Bout lengths | ||||||
5 to 10 s, n | 66 (21–180) | 53 (13–173) | -2.106 | 0.044 | -9 (-18.25, 0.00) | |
10 to 20 s, n | 47 (12–106) | 40 (6–79) | -2.138 | 0.033 | -9 (-17.5, -0.50) | |
20 to 30 s, n | 17 (2–27) | 10 (2–28) | -1.606 | 0.108 | -2.5 (-5.5, 0.5) | |
30 to 60 s, n | 13 (0–39) | 8 (0–23) | -2.136 | 0.033 | -4.5 (-9.5, 0) | |
60 to 120 s, n | 3 (0–14) | 1 (0–11) | -1.807 | 0.071 | -1.5 (-2.5, 0) | |
≥ 120 s, n | 1 (0–11) | 0 (0–6) | -1.89 | 0.059 | -0.5 (-2.5, 0) | |
Cognition | ||||||
PD-CRS total score /134 | 9 | 44 (7–83) | 42 (10 -77) | -0.422 | 0.673 | -1 (-6, 3) |
Posterior-cortical /30 | 26 (1–28) | 26 (4–29) | 0.647 | 0.518 | 0.5 (-0.5, 2) | |
Fronto-cortical /104 | 18 (1 -55) | 17 (6–48) | -0.831 | 0.406 | -1.5 (-5, 2) | |
MMSE total score /30 | 9 | 22 (5–29) | 17 (3–26) | -1.916 | 0.055 | -3 (-4, 0) |