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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

From: Promoting independence in Lewy body dementia through exercise: the PRIDE study

 

n = 9

 

Age (years)

74

(66–84)

Sex (male), n

7

 

Ethnicity (Caucasian), n

8

 

Body Mass Index (BMI), kgm−2

24.9

(21.0–26.3)

Diagnosis (PDD/DLB), n

5 / 4

 

Time since diagnosisa, months

12

(3–48)

 Visits required for diagnosisb, n

3

(1–7)

MDS-UPDRS total score, /260

86

(57–169)

 Part III motor—sub score, /132

46

(33–82)

Clinical dementia rating (CDR) scorec, /3

 Mild (1), n

5

 

 Moderate (2), n

2

 

 Severe (3), n

2

 

FIM total score, /126

102

(30–122)

MMSE total score, /30

22

(5–29)

PD-CRS total score, /134

44

(7–83)

GDS–15 total score, /15

1

(0–3*)

Reported falls in prior yeard, n

2

(0–20)

 Injurious falls requiring hospitalization e, n

5

 

 Recurrent fallers (≥ 2 falls in last year) f, n

6

 

Diagnosed comorbidities g, n

5

 

Prescribed medications h, n

5

 

Participants with:

  ≥ 5 medications prescribed (polypharmacy), n

6

 

 Anticholinergic Burden (ACB) score ≥ 3, n

2

 

 Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), n

5

 

Medication class (number of participants taking ≥ 1 medication in each class)

 Dopaminergic, n

7

Anti-platelet, Anti-coagulant, n

3

 Neuroleptic, n

2

Statins, n

3

 Sedative/Tranquilizer, n

2

Blood pressure regulating, n

4

 Antidepressant, n

4

PPI, n

2

 AChEI, /NMDA receptor agonist, n

5

Supplements, n

4

  1. All values a presented as median (range) or as n participants satisfying criteria. Higher scores in the MDS-UPDRS, CDR, GDS-15 and ACB; and lower scores on the FIM, MMSE, and PD-CRS indicate worse performance on that measure respectively. PDD Parkinson’s disease dementia, DLB Dementia with Lewy bodies, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. (21) Total score includes parts I-IV, Part III is the assessor rated motor score, FIM Functional independence measure [25], MMSE Mini-mental state exam [26], PD-CRS Parkinson’s disease Cognitive rating scale [27], GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale – 15 item [28], AChEI/NMDA Acetyl-cholinesterase Inhibitor/ N-methyl-D-aspartate, PPI Proton Pump Inhibitor. a denotes the months since the participants received a formal diagnosis of LBD. b denotes the number of healthcare visits required to reach a formal diagnosis of LBD. c The CDR algorithm score (0–3) is derived from a sum score (0–18) [29] d denotes the median number of reported falls per participants. e Accumulative total of falls resulting in injury and subsequent medical treatment across the cohort. f Number of participants who had two or more falls in previous 12 months. g previously diagnosed conditions and conditions identified within physician screen at baseline assessment. h Number of medications including prescribed supplements. Polypharmacy is defined as ≥ 5 prescribed medications. ACB is a scale assessing the combined Anticholinergic risk from various medications, whereby the score is the added total of all medications with possible (1 point), or definite (2–3 points) anticholinergic side effects [30]