Table 5 Implementation outcomes
Outcome | Outcome measure(s) | Methods and instruments | Target group(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
Acceptability: willingness to receive the service offered | Enrolment rate (%) | Comparison of reported enrolment rates and targets set for the study | Older people |
Attrition/retention rate (%) | Descriptive statistics and reasons for non-consent | Older people | |
Engagement | T1 follow-up questionnaire. Examples of items: engagement of patient in care plan, app functions used, cooperation between patient and care team members | All | |
Perceived acceptability | 4-item Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) scale [61] | All | |
Focus group interviews with a sample of patients, informal caregivers, and care team members | All | ||
Appropriateness: perceived fit, relevance and compatibility of the service | Perceived fit | 4-item Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) scale [61] | All |
Focus group interviews with a sample of patients, informal caregivers, and care team members | All | ||
Feasibility: extent to which a service is successfully used | Training of end users | Evaluation of training materials | All |
Perceived delivery of the intervention | 4-item Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) scale [61] | All | |
Perceptions of barriers and facilitators | Focus group interviews with a sample of patients, informal caregivers, and care team members | All | |
Fidelity: extent to which the service was implemented as prescribed in the original protocol | Engagement rate (% at least one month app use) | Descriptive statistics | All |
Several items in the T1 follow-up questionnaire | |||
Focus group interviews with a sample of patients, informal caregivers, and care team members | |||
Dose delivered (completeness) | File analysis and T1 follow-up questionnaire: presence of care plan, app functions used, number of (digital) interactions between patients and care team | All | |
Perceived quality of the delivery | Focus group interviews with a sample of patients, informal caregivers, and care team members | All | |
Costs: from a societal perspective | Productivity losses | iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ) [62] | Older people, informal caregivers |
Health care use | SMRC Health Care Utilization questionnaire [53] | Older people | |
Quality of life | EQ-5D-5L [63] | Older people |