Table 3 Correlations between self-management behaviors and demographics, clinical characteristics, self-efficacy and social support for participants (N = 140)

Gender

0.48

0.63

  Male

65.28 (15.10)

  Female

63.91 (14.80)

Education

14.28

< 0.001

  (1) ≤ Elementary school

55.76 (15.59)

  (2) Junior/Senior high school

66.77 (12.57)

  (3) College or above

72.15 (11.89)

Post hoc test

(1) < (2), (3)

Other chronic diseases

2.37

0.019

  No

68.90 (15.43)

  Yes

62.42 (14.26)

Disease duration (years)

− 0.10

0.235

Disease severity (K-L GS)

− 0.28

0.001

Other chronic diseases

2.37

0.019

  No

68.90 (15.43)

  Yes

62.42 (14.26)

Taking analgesics

0.47

0.640

  No

64.80 (15.57)

  Yes

63.61 (13.96)

Physical therapy

-1.34

0.183

  No

62.91 (15.75)

  Yes

66.32 (13.24)

Intra-articular injection

0.15

0.882

  No

64.89 (11.76)

  Yes

64.22 (15.13)

Knee joint surgery

− 0.38

0.702

  No

63.91 (15.92)

  Yes

64.92 (12.80)

Age

− 0.23

0.007

BMI

− 0.15

0.084

Disease duration (years)

− 0.10

0.235

Disease severity (K-L GS)

− 0.28

0.001

Self-efficacy

0.446

< 0.001

Enacted support

0.438

< 0.001

Perceived social support

0.310

< 0.001