Fig. 2

Significant differentially expressed genes exclusively identified per frailty group comparison. A. Venn diagram comparing lists of significant genes (Log₂ fold change ≥ 0.58 or ≤ -0.58) identified from FRAM vs NORM (yellow), FRAF vs NORF (blue), FRAM vs FRAF (purple), and NORM vs NORF (gray) as a reference. The significant, differentially expressed genes exclusively identified in the B. FRAM vs FRAF, C. FRAM vs NORM, and D. FRAF vs NORF comparisons are presented as heatmaps. For each respective heatmap, columns represent individual samples and rows represent gene Z-scores. Only significant genes with a Log₂ fold change ≥ 0.58 or ≤ -0.58 are plotted. Refer to Additional files 2, 3, 4, and 5 for complete list of significant genes