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Table 1 Baseline background information of the study sample

From: The effect of subjective social status on health-related quality of life decline in urban Chinese older adults: a four-year longitudinal study from Hong Kong

Variables

Male (n = 1542)

% (n)

Female

(n = 1392)

% (n)

p-value

All

(n = 2934)

% (n)

Demographic & background attributes

 Age

  

0.214

 

  65–74 years old

74.5% (1149)

72.5% (1009)

 

73.6% (2158)

  75+ years old

25.5% (393)

27.5% (383)

 

26.4% (776)

 Educational level

  

< 0.001

 

  No Schooling

4.7% (73)

30.0% (418)

 

16.7% (491)

  At least some primary school

53.6% (827)

49.9% (694)

 

51.8% (1521)

  At least some secondary school

26.9% (415)

13.1% (182)

 

20.3% (597)

  At least some university/college

14.7% (227)

7.0% (98)

 

11.1% (325)

 Marital Status

  

< 0.001

 

  Currently married

89.8% (1384)

55.4% (793)

 

74.2% (2177)

  Never married

1.6% (24)

2.0% (28)

 

1.8% (52)

  Divorced/Separated

1.8% (29)

2.9% (40)

 

2.3% (69)

  Widowed

6.8% (105)

38.1% (531)

 

21.7% (636)

 Currently living alone

6.2% (95)

19.0% (265)

< 0.001

12.3% (360)

 Lifetime ever smoker

62.1% (958)

8.7% (121)

< 0.001

36.8% (1079)

 Currently consumes alcohol

24.6% (379)

2.8% (39)

< 0.001

14.3% (418)

 History of starvation in lifetime

61.4% (908)

55.9% (711)

0.004

58.9% (1619)

 Body mass index Mean (SD)

23.5 (3.0)

23.9 (3.3)

0.003

23.7 (3.2)

Health Conditions

 Diabetes

13.9% (215)

13.1% (183)

0.529

13.6% (398)

 Hyperthyroidism

1.5% (23)

4.9% (68)

< 0.001

3.1% (91)

 Hypothyroidism

0.8% (12)

2.4% (46)

< 0.001

1.6% (46)

 Osteoporosis

2.9% (44)

8.5% (118)

< 0.001

5.5% (162)

 History of stroke

4.5% (69)

3.2% (45)

0.082

3.9% (114)

 Hypertension (Systolic BP > 140, diastolic BP > 90)

41.4% (638)

43.9% (611)

0.168

42.6% (1249)

 CVD Conditions a

17.6% (272)

16.6% (231)

0.453

17.1% (503)

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

9.9% (153)

4.7% (66)

< 0.001

7.5% (219)

Baseline instruments scale scores Mean (SD)

 Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE) b

100.0 (50.8)

87.6 (33.8)

0.023

94.6 (44.1)

 SF-12 Physical Functioning Score c

51.1 (7.1)

47.2 (8.6)

< 0.001

49.2 (8.1)

 SF-12 Mental Functioning Score c

56.1 (6.5)

55.3 (7.5)

0.003

55.7 (7.0)

 SSS-Society d

4.5 (1.8)

4.7 (1.8)

0.014

4.6 (1.8)

 SSS-Community d

6.4 (2.2)

7.3 (2.0)

< 0.001

6.8 (2.2)

Year 4 instruments scale scores Mean(SD)

 SF-12 Physical Functioning Score c

50.0 (7.7)

46.2 (9.5)

< 0.001

48.2 (8.8)

 SF-12 Mental Functioning Score c

57.3 (6.4)

56.5 (8.4)

0.003

56.9 (7.4)

  1. x2 p values are shown for categorical variables while t-test p values are shown for continuous variables. a CVD (cardiovascular diseases) conditions (congestive heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction). b PASE Score (scores range from 0 to 793). c SF-12 Physical Functioning Score and SF-12 Mental Functioning Score (scores range from 0 to 100 with higher score reflecting better functioning). d SSS, subjective social status; SSS-Society & SSS-Community (scores range from 1 to 10)
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