Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with the concurrent use of anticholinergics used to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Parkinson’s disease patients with dementia

Age, years

 65–69

113 (13.70)

1.649 (1.322–2.039)

1.344 (1.056–1.698)

 70–74

166 (10.70)

1.244 (1.034–1.490)

1.083 (0.889–1.314)

  ≥ 75 (ref)

568 (8.78)

-

-

Sex

 Male (ref)

279 (8.76)

-

-

 Female

568 (10.03)

1.161 (1.000–1.351)

1.019 (0.842–1.238)

National Health Security program enrolled

 NHI (ref)

711 (9.27)

-

-

 MA

135 (11.52)

1.274 (1.044–1.543)

1.130 (0.912–1.392)

 VA

1 (20.00)

2.447 (0.121–16.562)

1.526 (0.071–12.176)

Type of health care organization that the healthcare provider worked at

 Tertiary-care hospitals (ref)

98 (6.61)

-

-

 General hospitals

271 (11.29)

1.799 (1.419–2.298)

1.568 (1.221–2.028)

 Hospitals

151 (16.40)

2.772 (2.121–3.636)

2.135 (1.586–2.883)

 Long-term care facilities

104 (4.13)

0.609 (0.459–0.810)

0.720 (0.516–1.004)

 Clinics

216 (14.60)

2.417 (1.887–3.116)

1.541 (1.158–2.059)

 Others

7 (15.56)

2.603 (1.042–5.641)

3.147 (1.211–7.206)

Medical specialty of healthcare provider

 Neurology (ref)

314 (8.58)

-

-

 Internal medicine

102 (7.48)

0.862 (0.68–1.083)

0.862 (0.662–1.115)

 Psychiatry

276 (21.73)

2.958 (2.479–3.529)

1.898 (1.530–2.354)

 Surgery

21 (5.45)

0.615 (0.379–0.945)

0.897 (0.532–1.443)

 Orthopedics

8 (4.82)

0.539 (0.241–1.038)

0.602 (0.264–1.193)

 Neurosurgery

41 (9.65)

1.137 (0.797–1.583)

1.187 (0.823–1.674)

 Rehabilitation medicine

20 (4.17)

0.463 (0.283–0.716)

0.677 (0.405–1.072)

 Family medicine

39 (5.31)

0.598 (0.418–0.832)

0.923 (0.620–1.344)

 Others

26 (7.16)

0.822 (0.53–1.221)

0.805 (0.500–1.249)

Location of healthcare organization that the healthcare provider worked at

 Capital city area (ref) ^a

323 (8.89)

-

-

 Other regions

524 (10.06)

1.147 (0.992–1.327)

1.227 (1.046–1.441)

Comorbidity ^b

 Schizophrenia (F20)

167 (25.04)

3.683 (3.033–4.454)

2.342 (1.885–2.898)

 Abnormal results of kidney function studies (R944)

19 (20.88)

2.096 (1.215–3.424)

2.227 (1.233–3.827)

 Other specified forms of tremor (G252)

21 (18.26)

2.264 (1.308–3.713)

2.041 (1.135–3.493)

 Bipolar affective disorder (F31)

44 (14.72)

2.240 (1.924–2.604)

1.769 (1.495–2.089)

 Unspecified nonorganic psychosis (F29)

59 (23.51)

3.046 (2.236–4.086)

1.736 (1.246–2.389)

 Sequelae of other and unspecified cerebrovascular diseases (I698)

300 (16.02)

1.527 (1.066–2.132)

1.604 (1.097–2.290)

 Palpitations (R002)

38 (13.29)

1.915 (1.342–2.668)

1.521 (1.038–2.180)

 Tremor, unspecified (R251)

49 (16.61)

1.734 (1.403–2.128)

1.502 (1.195–1.876)

 Other specified postsurgical states (Z988)

39 (13.73)

1.522 (1.124–2.024)

1.460 (1.057–1.984)

 Cerebral infarction, unspecified (I639)

120 (14.72)

0.693 (0.566–0.843)

0.799 (0.645–0.984)

 Heart failure, unspecified (I509)

41 (16.53)

0.724 (0.549–0.938)

0.754 (0.562–0.995)

 Urinary tract infection, site not specified (N390)

55 (13.61)

0.754 (0.609–0.925)

0.740 (0.586–0.927)

 Hyperplasia of prostate without complication (N400)

89 (12.50)

0.739 (0.594–0.909)

0.699 (0.534–0.913)

 Unstable angina (I200)

123 (7.25)

0.561 (0.335–0.881)

0.516 (0.299–0.838)

 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of cerebral arteries (I633)

110 (7.68)

0.293 (0.104–0.643)

0.388 (0.136–0.868)

 Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (G912)

106 (7.55)

0.292 (0.089–0.694)

0.358 (0.108–0.871)

 Stroke, not specified as haemorrhage or infarction (I64)

78 (7.62)

0.317 (0.134–0.625)

0.345 (0.144–0.698)

 Chronic kidney disease, stage 3 (N183)

22 (6.43)

0.244 (0.060–0.647)

0.217 (0.051–0.614)