Urine D-ribose levels correlate with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults

Zhu, Xinyi; Wei, Yan; He, Yingge; He, Rongqiao; Li, Juan

doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03288-w

BMC Geriatrics

Table 1 Demographics and cognitive scores in different urine D-ribose levels

From: Urine D-ribose levels correlate with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults

	Whole sample	1st quarter	2nd quarter	3rd quarter	4th quarter	P-value
	(n = 1725)	(n = 431)	(n = 431)	(n = 432)	(n = 431)	P-value
Urine D-ribose (μmol/L)^a	38.10 (22.52–64.96)	15.09 (11.21–19.09)	29.14 (25.59–33.42)	48.87 (42.97–55.65)	93.76 (74.84–124.22)	< 0.001
Age	69.40 ± 5.87	70.36 ± 5.90	69.56 ± 5.76	69.09 ± 5.96	68.60 ± 5.73	< 0.001
Education years	10.11 ± 3.49	10.30 ± 3.41	10.16 ± 3.28	10.15 ± 3.67	9.84 ± 3.56	0.26
Female^b	67.1%	75.6%	68.4%	69.2%	55.0%	< 0.001
MMSE^c	27.31 ± 2.68	27.66 ± 2.50	27.22 ± 2.65	27.22 ± 2.81	27.12 ± 2.75	0.015
PALT^c	7.37 ± 4.06	7.65 ± 4.23	7.25 ± 3.96	7.23 ± 4.08	7.34 ± 3.98	0.42
Digit Span Backward^c	4.48 ± 1.49	4.58 ± 1.53	4.46 ± 1.48	4.52 ± 1.56	4.36 ± 1.37	0.19
Verbal Fluency^c	19.33 ± 5.39	20.22 ± 5.48	19.38 ± 5.56	19.39 ± 5.40	18.33 ± 4.93	< 0.001
Digit Symbol^c	29.73 ± 11.74	30.07 ± 11.72	29.60 ± 12.92	30.44 ± 11.41	28.81 ± 10.81	0.2
AD8	1.83 ± 1.75	1.85 ± 1.69	1.80 ± 1.69	1.87 ± 1.86	1.80 ± 1.74	0.91
CES-D	6.81 ± 8.23	7.58 ± 8.46	6.56 ± 7.61	7.19 ± 8.78	5.89 ± 7.97	0.001
Current smoking^b	10.3%	5.6%	10.0%	8.8%	16.7%	< 0.001
Current drinking^b	12.7%	7.2%	11.4%	12.0%	20.2%	< 0.001
Physically inactive^b	12.7%	7.2%	11.4%	12.0%	20.2%	0.001
Hypertension^b	56.2%	59.2%	55.2%	53.0%	57.3%	0.3
Heart disease^b	31.7%	33.6%	34.3%	29.9%	29.0%	0.24
Diabetes^b	28.9%	29.5%	27.6%	26.6%	32.0%	0.32
Hyperlipidemia^b	40.6%	43.4%	38.1%	39.8%	41.3%	0.43
Stroke^b	10.7%	10.4%	10.0%	10.9%	11.4%	0.92
Medication for hypertension^b	52.8%	56.1%	52.0%	50.7%	52.4%	0.42
Medication for diabetes^b	26.4%	25.8%	25.8%	23.8%	30.2%	0.19
Medication for hyperlipidemia^b	30.0%	32.3%	28.5%	30.1%	29.2%	0.66

Data was shown as mean ± SD and analyzed using ANOVA except where noted
MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, PALT Paired Associative Learning Test, CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
^aData was shown as median (interquartile range) and analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis Test
^bData was shown as percentage and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U Test
^cThe significance level was set at 0.01 to control family-wise error rate (Bonferroni correction)

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