Table 2 Characteristics of the participants based on different sleep quality (n = 231)
Variables | Nomal sleep quality A n(%) | Poor sleep quanlity B n(%) | X2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Â | Â | 0.956 | 0.403 |
 Male | 21 (24.1) | 66 (75.9) |  |  |
 Female | 27 (18.8) | 117 (81.2) |  |  |
Age, y | Â | Â | 14.056 | 0.001 |
 60–74 | 41 (27.0) | 111 (73.0) |  |  |
 75–89 | 4 (5.7) | 66 (94.3) |  |  |
  ≥ 90 | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) |  |  |
BMI(kg/m2) | Â | Â | 17.794 | 0.000 |
 Low weight | 3 (12.5) | 21 (87.5) |  |  |
 Normal weight | 16 (12.6) | 111 (87.4) |  |  |
 Overweight/obesity | 29 (36.2) | 51 (63.8) |  |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | 0.810 | 0.421 |
 Married | 36 (19.6) | 148 (80.4) |  |  |
 Unmarried or widowed | 12 (25.5) | 35 (74.5) |  |  |
Education | Â | Â | 6.803 | 0.078 |
 Primary school and below | 22 (28.6) | 55 (71.4) |  |  |
 Junior school | 8 (13.8) | 50 (86.2) |  |  |
 High school | 12 (24.5) | 37 (75.5) |  |  |
 College and above | 6 (12.8) | 41 (87.2) |  |  |
Residence | Â | Â | 4.438 | 0.109 |
 Alone/nursing home | 6 (40.0) | 9 (60.0) |  |  |
 Cohabitant spouse | 15 (16.5) | 76 (83.5) |  |  |
 Cohabitate with children | 27 (21.6) | 98 (78.4) |  |  |
Past occupation | Â | Â | 9.507 | 0.002 |
 Manual labor | 38 (27.5) | 100 (72.5) |  |  |
 Mental labor | 10 (10.8) | 83 (89.2) |  |  |
Income | Â | Â | 1.280 | 0.527 |
 Pension/Social security | 29 (19.6) | 119 (80.4) |  |  |
 Child support | 15 (21.1) | 56 (78.9) |  |  |
 Other | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) |  |  |
Smoking history | Â | Â | 0.982 | 0.395 |
 No | 6 (15.0) | 34 (85.0) |  |  |
 Yes | 42 (22.0) | 149 (78.0) |  |  |
Drinking history | Â | Â | 0.982 | 0.395 |
 No | 6 (15.0) | 34 (85.0) |  |  |
 Yes | 42 (22.0) | 149 (78.0) |  |  |
History of fracture | Â | Â | 0.473 | 0.606 |
 No | 34 (22.1) | 120 (77.9) |  |  |
 Yes | 14 (18.2) | 63 (81.8) |  |  |
Pain | Â | Â | 14.014 | 0.001 |
 No | 11 (52.4) | 10 (47.6) |  |  |
 Yes | 37 (17.6) | 173 (82.4) |  |  |
Comorbidity | Â | Â | 20.974 | 0.000 |
 No | 32(36.4) | 56(63.6) |  |  |
 Yes | 16(11.2) | 127(88.8) |  |  |
Polypharmacy | Â | Â | 5.701 | 0.017 |
 No | 44 (24.0) | 139 (76.0) |  |  |
 Yes | 4 (8.3) | 44 (91.7) |  |  |
Participate in social activity | Â | Â | 8.904 | 0.044 |
 No | 16 (16.0) | 84 (84.0) |  |  |
 1 to 2 times/year | 23 (21.3) | 85 (78.7) |  |  |
 1 to 2 times/month | 5 (31.2) | 11 (68.8) |  |  |
 1 to 2 times/week | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) |  |  |
ADLs | Â | Â | 29.594 | 0.000 |
 No impairment | 33 (39.8) | 50 (60.2) |  |  |
 Mild impairment | 14 (12.0) | 103 (88.0) |  |  |
 Moderate impairment | 1 (5.0) | 19 (95.0) |  |  |
 Severe impairment | 0 (0.0) | 11 (100.0) |  |  |
Frailty status | Â | Â | 32.510 | 0.000 |
 Nonfrail | 8 (47.0) | 9 (53.0) |  |  |
 Prefrail | 25 (40.3) | 37 (59.7) |  |  |
 Frail | 15 (9.9) | 137 (90.1) |  |  |