Table 4 Comparison of different income older adults model paths

low income

Community-built environment

0.040

0.077

0.362***

0.340***

0.022

Social participation

–

–

0.110

0.110

–

Outdoor exercise

–

–

0.231**

0.231**

–

middle income

Community-built environment

0.159**

0.186***

0.223***

0.169***

0.054**

Social participation

–

–

0.157***

0.157***

–

Outdoor exercise

–

–

0.154**

0.154**

–

high income

Community-built environment

0.212**

0.302***

0.225***

0.144***

0.081**

Social participation

–

–

0.118**

0.118**

–

Outdoor exercise

–

–

0.187***

0.187***

–