Table 1 Overview of included screening and prediction models
Model | Validated in | Items |
|---|---|---|
APOP [21] | Patients ≥70 years | Acute Presenting Older Patient. Seven predictors that are collected in less than 2 minutes after ED arrival: age, sex, arrival by ambulance, need of regular help, need for help with bathing and showering, hospitalization in the past 6 months, and impaired cognition (defined as having dementia, an incorrect answer on at least one of two 6-CIT questions [“what year is it now?” and/or “say the months in reverse order”], or no data of cognition). Possible result: ‘low risk’, ‘high risk of functional decline’, ‘evidence for impaired cognition’ or ‘high risk of functional decline and evidence for impaired cognition’. |
All patients (in critically ill patients; ≥65 years) | Measure of pre-admission health state; 2 weeks prior to admission. Ranges from 1 to 9, with higher values indicating greater frailty: 1 = very fit, 2 = well, 3 = managing well, 4 = very mildly frail (previously ‘apparently vulnerable’), 5 = mildly frail, 6 = moderately frail, 7 = severely frail, 8 = very severely frail and 9 = terminally ill. | |
All patients | Measures several comorbidities and combines them with age, resulting in a total score between zero and 37. |