Table 1 Assessment battery during the home visits
Assessment tool | Outcomes | Timepoint |
|---|---|---|
1. Participants’ characteristics (including personal and medical history) | Age, sex, education, pre-existing illnesses, usage of hearing, seeing and walking aids, living situation, smoking status, alcohol consumption, medication, joint replacements | T1 |
2. Specific fall history | Time of fall, location, activity before falling, direction of the fall, injuries | T1 |
Total score (ranging from 7 – 28) | T1, T2, T3, T4 | |
4. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [39] | Total score (ranging from 0 – 30) Total score (ranging from 0 – 15) | T1, T2, T3, T4 |
5. Trail Making Test A and B (TMT A + B) [41] | Duration until completion in seconds & number of mistakes | T1, T2, T3, T4 |
6. (instrumental) activities of daily living: a.Lawton’s and Brody’s Index [42] b.Barthel Index [43] c.Jonkman Index [21] | Total score (ranging from 0 – 8) Total score (ranging from 0 – 100) Total score (ranging from 0 – 18) | T1, T2, T3, T4 |
7. Longitudinal Urban Cohort Ageing Study (LUCAS—FI) Functional Ability Index [44] | Functional ability classified in: Robust, postRobust, preFrail, Frail | T1, T2, T3, T4 |
8. Physical activity: a.German-Physical-Activity-Questionnaire 50 + (PAQ-50 +) [45] b.Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) [46] c.Activity monitor (activPAL©) worn for 7 days | Energy expenditure per week Total score (ranging from 0 – 793) Number of steps, total active / inactive time | T1, T2, T3, T4 |
Total score (ranging from 0 – 120) | T1, T2, T3, T4 | |
10. Depressive Symptoms a.Depression in Old Age Scale (DIA-S) [49] b.Cornell Depression Scale [50]a | Total score (ranging from 0 – 10) Total score (ranging from 0 – 38) | T1, T2, T3, T4 |
11. Health-related quality of life | Total score (ranging from 0 – 15) | T1, T2, T3, T4 |
12. Functional performance: a.Hand grip strength test [53] b.Single leg stance test [54] b c.Short Physical Performance Battery Test (SPPB) [55]b | Grip strength measured in kg Duration in seconds Total score (ranging from 0 – 10) | T1, T2, T3, T4 |
13. Fall Calendar | Total number of falls during the follow up period | T2, T3, T4 |