Table 2 Hazard ratios (HRs) for multimorbidity incidence (N = 1967)

Lifestyle

 BMI

Normal

Reference

Reference

Underweight

0.96 (0.66–1.39)

0.95 (0.65–1.39)

Overweight

1.16 (0.96–1.41)

1.07 (0.88–1.29)

Obese

1.65 (1.34–2.02)

1.51 (1.22–1.86)

 Physical activity

Yes

Reference

No

0.92 (0.78–1.08)

–

 Smoking

Never

Reference

Reference

Past

1.55 (1.26–1.91)

1.31 (1.03–1.70)

Current

1.04 (0.84–1.30)

1.08 (0.83–1.40)

 Drinking

Never

Reference

Reference

Past

1.73 (1.37–2.19)

1.55 (1.18–2.05)

Current

1.25 (1.05–1.49)

1.38 (1.11–1.72)

Psychosocial factors

 Depressive symptoms

1.03 (1.00–1.05)

–

 Participation in social meeting

Yes

Reference

No

1.19 (1.01–1.41)

1.09 (0.91–1.30)

 Level of social interaction

High

Reference

Reference

Moderate

1.09 (0.88–1.35)

1.05 (0.84–1.30)

Low

1.61 (1.31–1.99)

1.72 (1.38–2.14)