Variables (Mean ± SD) | Regular group (n = 90) | Multicomponent exercise group (n = 69) | ΔTime 2–1 | ∆Time3–2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | P value | P value | |
Four-stage balance test | 3.31 ± 0.74 | 3.36 ± 0.78 | 3.36 ± 0.87 | 3.07 ± 0.93 | 3.29 ± 0.91 | 3.41 ± 0.72 | 0.27 | 0.18 |
Back scratch test (cm) | −7.24 ± 14.75 | − 10.64 ± 13.84 | −6.53 ± 14.45 | −9.10 ± 13.88 | − 11.63 ± 16.32 | −11.22 ± 15.50 | 0.74 | 0.98 |
Sit and reach flexibility (cm) | −1.52 ± 10.08 | − 3.16 ± 9.88 | 0.44 ± 7.63 | −1.09 ± 8.06 | − 2.69 ± 8.91 | −1.97 ± 8.69 | 0 | 0.37 |
Timed up and go (s) | 10.06 ± 3.73 | 9.79 ± 3.88 | 9.59 ± 3.32 | 10.33 ± 6.18 | 9.78 ± 5.01 | 9.35 ± 3.71 | 0.52 | 0.76 |
2-minute step test (times) | 82.21 ± 34.96 | 91.97 ± 30.89 | 72.75 ± 25.00*, a | 75.04 ± 31.16 | 100.02 ± 31.40 | 86.95 ± 29.37 | 0.010* | 0.42 |
IADL | 0.46 ± 2.03 | 0.41 ± 1.62*, a | 0.24 ± 1.33 | 1.19 ± 3.31 | 1.75 ± 4.25 | 1.16 ± 2.69 | 0.08 | 0.33 |
ADL | 0.40 ± 1.41 | 0.35 ± 1.33 | 0.07 ± 0.31 | 0.70 ± 2.40 | 0.83 ± 2.45 | 0.38 ± 1.28 | 0.54 | 0.09 |
MMSE | 0.10 ± 0.43 | 0.06 ± 0.28 | 0.15 ± 0.58 | 0.07 ± 0.31 | 0.08 ± 0.32 | 0.03 ± 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.10 |
Kihon | 4.79 ± 3.16 | 5.59 ± 3.79 | 4.53 ± 2.80 | 5.09 ± 4.06 | 6.15 ± 4.34 | 5.76 ± 3.80 | 0.53 | 0.55 |
QOL | 9.68 ± 0.75 | 9.69 ± 0.84 | 9.83 ± 0.42 | 9.41 ± 1.09 | 9.40 ± 1.27 | 9.57 ± 1.19 | 0.88 | 0.18 |
Frailty (0–5) | 1.11 ± 0.98 | 0.99 ± 1.11 | 1.41 ± 0.97 | 0.97 ± 1.16 | 0.92 ± 1.16 | 1.27 ± 0.93 | 0.52 | 0.49 |
 Robust (0) | 27 (30) | 39 (43.3) | 11 (12.2) | 34 (49.3) * | 33 (47.8) | 8 (11.6) | – | – |
 Prefrailty (1–2) | 54 (60) | 37 (41.1) | 41 (45.6) | 26 (37.7) | 26 (37.7) | 25 (36.2) | – | – |
 Frailty (> 3) | 9 (10) | 10 (11.1) | 7 (7.8) | 9 (13) | 6 (8.7) | 4 (5.8) | – |  |
 Dropout | 0 | 4 (4.4) | 31 (34.4) | 0 | 4 (5.8) | 32 (46.4) | – | – |