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Fig. 2 | BMC Geriatrics

Fig. 2

From: Over- and under-prescribing, and their association with functional disability in older patients at risk of further decline in Germany – a cross-sectional survey conducted as part of a randomised comparative effectiveness trial

Fig. 2

Frequencies of the potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) (above) and the potential prescribing omissions (PPO) (below) according to STOPP/START criteria version 2 [10] with a frequency above ten. PPI, proton pump inhibitor; la, long-acting; bt-pill, break-through-pill; AA, antiplatelet agents; OAC, oral anticoagulants; imb, imbalancies (here specifically: hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypercalcaemia); IHD, ischaemic heart disease CVD, cerebrovascular disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; TCA, Ticyclic antidepressants; glc, glaucoma; CCA, cardiac conduction abnormalities; prost, prostatism; urinary retention; AF, atrial fibrilliation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; DMARD, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; XOI, xanthine-oxidase-inhibitor, B2A, beta-2 agonist; AMC, antimuscarinic bronchodilatator; prostagl., prostaglandine; bb, betablocker; Alzheimer’s d., Alzheimer’s disease; appr, appropriate; HF, heart failure BPP, bisphosphonates. * High bleeding risk according to PIM C3 (STOPP/START criteria version 2 [10]): [documentation of] uncontrolled severe hypertension, bleeding diathesis, recent non-trivial spontaneous bleeding. ** PIM G3: Antimuscarinic bronchodilators with glaucoma or prostatism; PIM I1: Antimuscarinic drugs with dementia, glaucoma or prostatism; *** Type II or III heart block; **** unless the patient’s status is end-of-life or age is > 85 years

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BMC Geriatrics

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