Table 1 Patient characteristics for medicare beneficiaries with primary adhesive capsulitis cases by treatment group

Male

2570 (35.8)

37.8

38.3

34.4

35.6

41.2

0.09*

Race

 < 0.01*

 Asian

122 (1.7)

2.7

1.9

1.7

1.5

0.5

 Black

452 (6.3)

9.0

7.2

5.9

6.0

3.0

 Hispanic

71 (1.0)

2.2

1.3

0.7

0.9

1.0

 Other

165 (2.3)

2.1

1.1

2.6

2.4

2.5

 White

6369 (88.7)

84.0

88.5

89.1

89.2

93.0

Dual eligible for Medicaid^a

509 (7.1)

11.9

11.3

6.2

5.3

7.0

 < 0.0001*

Mean Age (SD)

74.8 (6.8)

76.3 (7.4)

76.2 (7.1)

74.9 (6.9)

74.0 (6.4)

71.7 (5.1)

 < 0.0001^†

Age Group

 < 0.0001*

 66–69

2262 (31.5)

26.5

24.1

31.3

34.7

47.2

 70–75

2297 (32)

28.7

29.5

31.8

33.6

36.2

 76–79

998 (13.9)

13.8

17.8

13.8

13.1

8.0

 80–85

1055 (14.7)

19.0

18.4

14.8

12.5

7.0

 86 + 

574 (8.0)

11.9

10.2

8.4

6.0

1.5

Region

 < 0.0001*

 Midwest

1644 (22.9)

21.9

16.8

23.4

24.3

27.1

 Northeast

1450 (20.2)

21.6

19.5

22.3

18.6

6.5

 South

2958 (41.2)

37.3

48.8

37.0

43.5

51.3

 West

1134 (15.8)

19.1

14.9

17.2

13.6

15.1

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)

 < 0.001*

 0

2355 (32.8)

29.3

27.5

34.1

34.2

32.2

 1

1572 (21.9)

19.4

21.1

21.8

22.6

26.6

 2

1041 (14.5)

14.4

15.9

15.0

13.5

13.1

 3

876 (12.2)

14.2

13.2

11.9

11.7

12.1

 4 + 

1335 (18.6)

22.7

22.3

17.3

18.0

16.1

Frailty Risk Index (FRI)

 < 0.0001*

 0

4129 (57.5)

49.9

53.5

60.2

57.5

64.8

 1

1809 (25.2)

27.1

24.1

24.0

26.6

24.1

 2

675 (9.4)

10.1

9.5

9.0

9.9

5.5

 3 + 

567 (7.9)

12.9

12.9

7.0

6.0

5.5

Comorbidities

 Type 1 Diabetes

244 (3.4)

3.3

4.6

3.2

3.2

2.5

0.17*

 Type 2 Diabetes

2132 (29.7)

30.4

30.6

28.4

30.2

35.2

0.05*

 Hyperlipidemia

3224 (44.9)

41.5

44.3

44.1

47.0

44.7

0.08*

 Hypertension

3856 (53.7)

56.4

57.2

52.8

53.3

47.2

0.02*

 Thyroid Disorder

1170 (16.3)

16.9

18.8

15.7

16.3

12.1

0.12*

 Rheumatoid arthritis

129 (1.8)

2.7

3.8

1.4

1.5

0.5

 < 0.0001*

 Gout

179 (2.5)

3.0

3.3

2.1

2.5

2.0

0.27*

 Parkinson’s Disease

93 (1.3)

0.9

1.3

1.4

1.3

0.5

0.88*

 Obesity

57 (0.8)

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.9

2.0

0.24*

Mean Previous Year Medicare Spending (SD)^b

$10,183 (20,995)

$12,403 (24,546)

$13,875 (27,669)

$9737

(21,440)

$8967 (16,201)

$7613 (12,064)

 < 0.0001^†