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Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the 2007–2016 NHANES 

From: Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and serum Klotho concentration among adults in the United States

Characteristic

Total

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

P value

Number

10,928

2732

2732

2732

2732

 

DII (median, IQR)

1.43 (-0.16–2.82)

-1.24 (-2.06–0.67)

0.69 (0.28–1.08)

2.13 (1.79–2.48)

3.57 (3.17–4.08)

 < 0.001

Age (median, IQR), years

56.00 (47.00–65.00)

55.00 (47.00–63.00)

55.00 (47.00–64.00)

56.00 (47.00–65.00)

57.00 (48.00–66.00)

 < 0.001

Klotho (median, IQR), pg/ml

805.20 (657.58–1001.12)

815.30 (666.98–1002.60)

803.25 (655.65–1006.35)

802.85 (654.15–984.85)

799.20 (651.58–1009.03)

0.245

eGFR (median, IQR) mL/min/1.73m2

90.80 (76.29–102.37)

91.85 (77.83–102.52)

91.59 (77.53–102.67)

90.04 (75.25–102.03)

89.61 (74.72–102.42)

 < 0.001

% Sex

     

 < 0.001

 male

48.55%

61.79%

53.22%

44.88%

34.30%

 

 female

51.45%

38.21%

46.78%

55.12%

65.70%

 

% Race

     

 < 0.001

 Mexican American

17.16%

18.70%

18.23%

17.09%

14.60%

 

 Other Hispanic

12.20%

11.27%

11.79%

12.81%

12.92%

 

 Non-Hispanic White

41.16%

41.84%

42.39%

40.15%

40.26%

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

20.19%

16.00%

18.16%

21.23%

25.37%

 

 Other Race

9.30%

12.19%

9.44%

8.71%

6.84%

 

% PIR

     

 < 0.001

 < 1.3

30.03%

23.38%

26.44%

32.00%

38.31%

 

 1.3–3.5

35.98%

31.79%

35.96%

37.51%

38.67%

 

 > 3.5

33.99%

44.83%

37.59%

30.49%

23.01%

 

% BMI

     

 < 0.001

 normal (< 25 kg/m2)

23.42%

26.31%

23.58%)

21.73%

22.07%

 

 overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2)

35.28%

37.10%

36.25%)

35.14%

32.62%

 

 obesity (> = 30 kg/m2)

41.30%

36.59%

40.17%)

43.13%

45.31%

 

% Physical activity

     

 < 0.001

 less than moderate

56.26%

43.95%

55.11%

60.50%

65.45%

 

 moderate

8.77%

9.50%

8.79%

8.87%

7.91%

 

 vigorous

34.98%

46.55%

36.09%

30.63%

26.65%

 

% Smoking status

     

 < 0.001

 Never

52.68%

54.51%

53.11%

51.59%

51.50%

 

 Former

31.05%

34.10%

32.50%

30.72%

26.89%

 

 Current

16.27%

11.39%

14.39%

17.69%

21.61%

 

% Alcohol intake (gm)

     

 < 0.001

 none

76.21%

68.19%

72.40%

78.11%

86.13%

 

 moderate

8.06%

10.98%

9.00%

6.55%

5.71%

 

 heavy

15.73%

20.83%

18.59%

15.34%

8.16%

 

CKDa

     

 < 0.001

 No

81.74%

86.01%

82.92%

81.21%

76.76%

 

 Yes

18.26%

13.99%

17.08%

18.79%

23.24%

 
  1. Median (IQR) for continuous variables: P value for Mann–Whitney U test
  2. % for Categorical variables: P value for chi-square test
  3. DII quartile ranges: Quartile 1 = -5.18 to -0.16; Quartile 2 = -0.16 to 1.43; Quartile 3 = 1.43 to 2.82; Quartile 4: 2.82 to 5.42
  4. DII Dietary Inflammatory Index, PIR Ratio of family income to poverty, BMI Body Mass Index
  5. achronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) above 30 mg/g or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m.2