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Table 2 Content Validity

From: Development of mealtime difficulty scale for older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities

Initial No.

No.

Item

I-CVI

1

1

Refuses to eat food

1

2

2

Spits out the food

1

3

3

Once food is in the mouth, food dribbles out from the mouth

1

4

4

Does not initiate swallowing

1

5

5

Does not chew food and continuously holds it in the mouth

1

6

6

Bites the utensils when food is offered

1

7

7

Uses hands to eat

1

8

8

Unable to successfully pick up food with utensils

1

9

9

Plays with food but does not eat it

1

10

Delete

In case of severe dementia, swallowing is not possible due to abnormal vital signs.

0.66

11

10

Eats something other than food

0.83

12

Delete

Does not eat for more than 1 minute after starting a meal

0.66

13

11

Distracted from eating

1

14

12

Forgets when they last ate and eats too much food

1

15

13

Does not consume a variety of food and eats one type of food

0.83

16

14

Frequently chokes or gags on food

1

17

15

Unable to eat food because of pain

1

18

16

Unable to maintain posture while eating

0.83

19

17

Needs care from the feeder to finish the meal

1

20

18

Eats alone

1

21

19

Negative behavior (e.g., swearing, throwing food) toward the caregiver

1

22

20

Needs active encouragement (e.g., compliments, suggestions) from the caregiver while eating

0.83

23

21

No interaction with caregiver during meals

1

24

22

Receives sufficient meal support from caregiver

1

25

23

Lack of caregivers.

1

26

24

Food preferences are not reflected in their diet

1

27

25

Meal types (e.g., regular, liquid, soft) are provided based on swallowing function

1

28

26

Appropriate tableware (e.g., cups with straws) is provided

1

29

27

The height of the furniture (e.g., table, chair, bed table) used for dining is appropriate

1

30

28

Eats in unpleasant environments (e.g., dark lighting, noisy spaces, bad smelling places).

1

31

29

Unable to finish food within the given timeframe

1

 

S-CVI/Ave

0.96

  1. I-CVI Item-content validity index, S-CVI/Ave Average of item-content validity index