From: Development of mealtime difficulty scale for older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities
Initial No. | No. | Item | I-CVI |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Refuses to eat food | 1 |
2 | 2 | Spits out the food | 1 |
3 | 3 | Once food is in the mouth, food dribbles out from the mouth | 1 |
4 | 4 | Does not initiate swallowing | 1 |
5 | 5 | Does not chew food and continuously holds it in the mouth | 1 |
6 | 6 | Bites the utensils when food is offered | 1 |
7 | 7 | Uses hands to eat | 1 |
8 | 8 | Unable to successfully pick up food with utensils | 1 |
9 | 9 | Plays with food but does not eat it | 1 |
10 | Delete | In case of severe dementia, swallowing is not possible due to abnormal vital signs. | 0.66 |
11 | 10 | Eats something other than food | 0.83 |
12 | Delete | Does not eat for more than 1 minute after starting a meal | 0.66 |
13 | 11 | Distracted from eating | 1 |
14 | 12 | Forgets when they last ate and eats too much food | 1 |
15 | 13 | Does not consume a variety of food and eats one type of food | 0.83 |
16 | 14 | Frequently chokes or gags on food | 1 |
17 | 15 | Unable to eat food because of pain | 1 |
18 | 16 | Unable to maintain posture while eating | 0.83 |
19 | 17 | Needs care from the feeder to finish the meal | 1 |
20 | 18 | Eats alone | 1 |
21 | 19 | Negative behavior (e.g., swearing, throwing food) toward the caregiver | 1 |
22 | 20 | Needs active encouragement (e.g., compliments, suggestions) from the caregiver while eating | 0.83 |
23 | 21 | No interaction with caregiver during meals | 1 |
24 | 22 | Receives sufficient meal support from caregiver | 1 |
25 | 23 | Lack of caregivers. | 1 |
26 | 24 | Food preferences are not reflected in their diet | 1 |
27 | 25 | Meal types (e.g., regular, liquid, soft) are provided based on swallowing function | 1 |
28 | 26 | Appropriate tableware (e.g., cups with straws) is provided | 1 |
29 | 27 | The height of the furniture (e.g., table, chair, bed table) used for dining is appropriate | 1 |
30 | 28 | Eats in unpleasant environments (e.g., dark lighting, noisy spaces, bad smelling places). | 1 |
31 | 29 | Unable to finish food within the given timeframe | 1 |
S-CVI/Ave | 0.96 |