Table 1  Baseline characteristics of the sample
From: The transitions and predictors of cognitive frailty with multi-state Markov model: a cohort study
Baseline characteristics | Full sample (N = 4051) | NS (N = 1441) | CI (N = 142) | PF (N = 2001) | CF (N = 467) | χ2/F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-modifiable factors | |||||||
 Age, mean ± SD | 66.91 ± 5.82 | 66.13 ± 5.17 | 65.91 ± 4.99 | 67.57 ± 6.22 | 66.78 ± 5.87 | 18.71a |  < 0.001 |
 Female, % | 1838(45.37) | 583(40.46) | 102(71.83) | 831(41.53) | 322(68.95) | 170.82 |  < 0.001 |
 Education (illiterate) | 1160(28.63) | 246(17.07) | 105(73.94) | 472(23.59) | 337(72.16) | 694.86 |  < 0.001 |
 Household registration (rural) | 3083(76.10) | 941(65.30) | 129(90.85) | 1578(78.86) | 435(93.15) | 192.39 |  < 0.001 |
Modifiable factors | |||||||
 Life-satisfaction (dissatisfied) | 535(13.21) | 87(6.04) | 14(9.86) | 316(15.79) | 118(25.27) | 136.94 |  < 0.001 |
 Injury | 399(9.85) | 133(9.23) | 11(7.75) | 204(10.19) | 51(10.92) | 2.20 | 0.530 |
 History of falls | 731(18.04) | 202(14.02) | 18(12.68) | 387(19.34) | 124(26.55) | 43.69 |  < 0.001 |
 Sleep duration |  |  |  |  |  | 133.02 |  < 0.001 |
 Intermediate | 3103(76.60) | 1221(84.73) | 102(71.83) | 1492(74.56) | 288(61.67) |  |  |
 Short | 161(3.97) | 52(3.61) | 12(8.45) | 437(21.84) | 25(5.35) |  |  |
 Long | 787(19.43) | 168(11.66) | 28(19.72) | 72(3.60) | 154(32.98) |  |  |
 Depression | 1592(39.30) | 202(14.02) | 40(28.17) | 1031(51.52) | 319(68.31) | 683.57 |  < 0.001 |
 Multimorbidity | 1875(46.28) | 566(39.28) | 63(44.37) | 1008(50.37) | 238(50.96) | 46.24 |  < 0.001 |