Does social participation decrease the risk of frailty? Impacts of diversity in frequency and types of social participation on frailty in middle-aged and older populations

Table 5 Sensitivity analysis*

	Fixed-effects model		Time-varying Cox model
	Estimate (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Without imputation
Occasional	0.001 (-0.002, 0.005)	0.409	0.93 (0.83, 1.04)	0.186
Weekly	-0.004 (-0.008, -0.001)	0.022	0.97 (0.86, 1.09)	0.593
Daily	-0.009 (-0.012, -0.006)	< 0.001	0.76 (0.70, 0.84)	< 0.001
Deficit have a missingness of 5.0% or less
Occasional	0.000 (-0.004, 0.003)	0.949	0.99 (0.86, 1.13)	0.873
Weekly	-0.007 (-0.011, -0.003)	0.001	0.97 (0.83, 1.14)	0.747
Daily	-0.009 (-0.012, -0.005)	< 0.001	0.83 (0.74, 0.94)	0.002

HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence Interval
^*^“None” group was set as the reference. Age, marital status, hukou status, public health insurance coverage, current work status, alcohol intake, smoking status and household per capita consumption were controlled as time-variant covariates, and gender, education level and rural/urban residence were controlled as fixed covariates

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