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Table 3 The association of frailty with different SP types based on fixed-effects model and time-varying Cox regression

From: Does social participation decrease the risk of frailty? Impacts of diversity in frequency and types of social participation on frailty in middle-aged and older populations

 

Fixed-effects model (n = 9422)a

Time-varying Cox model (n = 6073)b

 

Coefficient (95%CI)

P value

HR (95%CI)

P value

IWF

  Occasional

0.002 (-0.001, 0.004)

0.270

0.96 (0.86, 1.08)

0.496

  Weekly

-0.004 (-0.008, -0.001)

0.009

0.99 (0.87, 1.13)

0.902

  Daily

-0.008 (-0.010, -0.005)

 < 0.001

0.89 (0.80, 0.99)

0.031

MCCC

  Occasional

-0.007 (-0.011, -0.003)

 < 0.001

0.86 (0.74, 0.98)

0.028

  Weekly

-0.010 (-0.014, -0.006)

 < 0.001

0.86 (0.74, 1.00)

0.056

  Daily

-0.014 (-0.019, -0.010)

 < 0.001

0.68 (0.57, 0.80)

 < 0.001

DFQ

  Occasional

-0.008 (-0.016, 0.000)

0.049

0.80 (0.56, 1.13)

0.200

  Weekly

-0.011 (-0.019, -0.002)

0.015

0.59 (0.37, 0.92)

0.020

  Daily

-0.015 (-0.020, -0.010)

 < 0.001

0.72 (0.60, 0.86)

 < 0.001

CRO

  Occasional

-0.003 (-0.012, 0.005)

0.423

1.04 (0.76, 1.42)

0.823

  Weekly

0.000 (-0.012, 0.012)

0.992

0.74 (0.48, 1.16)

0.192

  Daily

0.002 (-0.016, 0.020)

0.811

0.55 (0.22, 1.36)

0.193

VOC

  Occasional

0.002 (-0.001, 0.005)

0.197

0.97 (0.86, 1.09)

0.641

  Weekly

-0.001 (-0.006, 0.005)

0.854

0.97 (0.77, 1.23)

0.824

  Daily

0.001 (-0.006, 0.008)

0.823

0.78 (0.57, 1.09)

0.143

INT

  Occasional

-0.001 (-0.012, 0.011)

0.910

0.70 (0.42, 1.17)

0.173

  Weekly

0.003 (-0.010, 0.016)

0.699

0.57 (0.30, 1.12)

0.102

  Daily

0.011 (0.005, 0.017)

 < 0.001

0.90 (0.75, 1.08)

0.245

  1. IWF Interacting with friends, MCCC Playing mah-jong, chess, cards or visiting community clubs, DFQ Going to community-organized dancing, fitness, qigong and so on; CRO, participating in community-related organizations, VOC Voluntary or charitable work, INT Using the Internet, HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence Interval
  2. a“None” group was set as the reference in each type analysis. Controlled covariates included age, gender, marital status, hukou status, education levels, rural/urban residence, public health insurance coverage, current work status, alcohol intake, smoking status and household per capita consumption
  3. bThe intensity of each SP type was set as time-variant exposure. None” group was set as the reference. Age, marital status, hukou status, public health insurance coverage, current work status, alcohol intake, smoking status and household per capita consumption were controlled as time-variant covariates, and gender, education level and rural/urban residence were controlled as fixed covariates