Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the men and women of the study population (n = 5856)
Population N (%) | Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|---|
2762 (47.0) | 3094 (53.0) | ||
Age | Mean (SD) | 47.9 (10.5) | 46.9 (10.6) |
Physical functioninga | Mean score (SD) | 89.5 (15.8) | 86.0 (18.0) |
Socio-demographic determinants | |||
Level of educationb | % Low | 39.4 | 55.2 |
% Medium | 34.3 | 26.3 | |
% High | 26.4 | 18.6 | |
Work status | % Unemployed | 24.4 | 52.1 |
Living arrangements | % Living alone | 6.7 | 9.2 |
Lifestyle-related determinants | |||
Alcohol consumption | % ≤ 1 glass/day | 46.6 | 78.5 |
% > 1 glass/day | 53.4 | 21.5 | |
Current smoking status | % Current Smoker | 29.4 | 29.8 |
Physical activity (h/week) | Mean (SD) | 28.8 (21.7) | 39.7 (20.4) |
Sleep duration | % Short (≤ 6 h/night) | 19.9 | 13.7 |
% Normal (7–8 h/night) | 74.2 | 78.4 | |
% Long (≥ 9 h/night) | 5.9 | 7.9 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | Mean (SD) | 26.0 (3.3) | 25.4 (4.3) |
% Underweight (BMI < 18) | 0.2 | 0.6 | |
% Normal weight (18 ≤ BMI < 25) | 39.3 | 50.3 | |
% Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 47.2 | 33.3 | |
% Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 13.4 | 15.8 | |
Health-related determinants | |||
Chronic diseases | % None | 59.3 | 56.5 |
% One disease | 36.9 | 40.5 | |
% ≥ 2 diseases | 3.8 | 3.0 | |
Pain | % None | 50.9 | 39.1 |
% Mild | 35.8 | 40.9 | |
% Moderate to severe | 13.3 | 20.0 | |
Mental health (MHI-5) | % Poor mental health (< 60) | 13.1 | 20.3 |