Table 3 Demographic, clinical, and functional status information across 4 latent classes
From: Multimorbidity patterns in adult day health center clients with dementia: a latent class analysis
Variables | Total Sample Mean ± SD or N (%) | High Medical Complexity Mean ± SD or N (%) | Moderate Medical Complexity Mean ± SD or N (%) | Low Medical Complexity Mean ± SD or N (%) | No Medical Complexity Mean ± SD or N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
 Age + | 79.57 ± 9.44 | 79.40 ± 9.27 | 80.14 ± 8.44 | 78.88 ± 10.58 | 79.74 ± 10.02 |
 Gender + | |||||
  Female | 2049 (67.1) | 544 (67.9) | 779 (69.6) | 503 (62.7) | 223 (67.6) |
  Male | 1001 (32.8) | 257 (32.1) | 340 (30.4) | 297 (37.0) | 107 (32.4) |
 Minority status * | |||||
  White | 642 (21.0) | 223 (27.8) | 207 (18.5) | 173 (21.6) | 39 (11.8) |
  Minority | 990 (32.4) | 255 (31.8) | 404 (36.1) | 243 (30.3) | 88 (26.7) |
 Primary language * | |||||
  English | 602 (19.7) | 154 (19.2) | 179 (16.0) | 205 (25.6) | 64 (19.4) |
  Non-English | 1289 (42.2) | 393 (49.1) | 510 (45.5) | 296 (36.9) | 90 (27.3) |
 Living alone with no family * | 462 (15.2) | 149 (18.6) | 187 (16.7) | 108 (13.5) | 18 (5.7) |
Clinical information | |||||
 Number of medications daily * | 9.67 ± 6.59 | 12.72 ± 6.52 | 9.82 ± 6.49 | 8.07 ± 5.77 | 5.62 ± 5.46 |
 Planned days at center per week * | 3.59 ± 1.72 | 3.98 ± 1.32 | 3.84 ± 1.44 | 3.78 ± 1.58 | 1.31 ± 2.05 |
 Incontinent of bladder * | 1440 (47.2) | 462 (57.7) | 547 (48.8) | 390 (48.6) | 41 (12.4) |
 Incontinent of bowel * | 415 (13.6) | 126 (15.7) | 152 (13.6) | 116 (14.5) | 21 (6.4) |
 Therapeutic or special diet * | 1433 (46.9) | 430 (53.7) | 670 (59.8) | 308 (38.4) | 25 (7.6) |
 Difficulty chewing and/or swallowing * | 196 (6.4) | 70 (8.7) | 50 (4.5) | 67 (8.4) | 9 (2.7) |
Functional status | |||||
 Any emergency department visits at baseline * | 473 (15.5) | 142 (17.7) | 198 (17.7) | 116 (14.5) | 17 (5.2) |
 Any hospitalizations at baseline | 435 (14.2) | 152 (19.0) | 154 (13.8) | 112 (14.0) | 17 (5.2) |
 Meet nursing facility level of care * | 1834 (60.4) | 620 (77.4) | 637 (56.9) | 499 (62.5) | 78 (24.6) |
 Use an adaptive device * | 261 (8.5) | 31 (3.9) | 102 (9.1) | 102 (12.7) | 26 (7.9) |
 Inappropriate affect/appearance/behavior * | 743 (24.3) | 203 (25.3) | 262 (23.4) | 239 (29.8) | 39 (11.8) |
 Poor judgement * | 1701 (55.7) | 488 (60.9) | 642 (57.3) | 504 (62.8) | 67 (20.3) |
 Medication mismanagement * | 1231 (40.3) | 392 (48.9) | 463 (41.3) | 338 (42.1) | 38 (11.5) |
 Self-neglect | 933 (30.6) | 260 (32.5) | 343 (30.6) | 294 (36.7) | 36 (10.9) |
 Dementia related behavioral problems * | 1344 (44.0) | 394 (49.2) | 475 (42.4) | 412 (51.4) | 63 (19.1) |
 Fall risk * | 1924 (63.0) | 598 (74.7) | 762 (68.0) | 497 (62.0) | 67 (20.3) |
 Isolation * | 1730 (56.7) | 500 (62.4) | 686 (61.2) | 475 (59.2) | 69 (20.9) |
 Frailty * | 927 (30.4) | 311 (38.8) | 335 (29.9) | 253 (31.5) | 28 (8.5) |
Activity of daily living | |||||
 Ambulation * | |||||
  Independent | 338 (11.1) | 71 (8.9) | 126 (11.3) | 120 (15.0) | 21 (6.4) |
  Needs Supervision | 1514 (49.6) | 449 (56.1) | 607 (54.2) | 408 (50.9) | 50 (15.2) |
  Needs Assistance | 551 (18.0) | 172 (21.5) | 213 (19.0) | 149 (18.6) | 17 (5.2) |
  Dependent | 75 (2.5) | 27 (3.4) | 24 (2.1) | 23 (2.9) | 1 (0.3) |
 Bathing * | |||||
  Independent | 117 (3.8) | 30 (3.7) | 46 (4.1) | 35 (4.4) | 6 (1.8) |
  Needs Supervision | 705 (23.1) | 206 (25.7) | 286 (25.5) | 192 (23.9) | 21 (6.4) |
  Needs Assistance | 1477 (48.4) | 436 (54.4) | 573 (51.2) | 415 (51.7) | 53 (16.1) |
  Dependent | 168 (5.5) | 46 (5.7) | 59 (5.3) | 53 (6.6) | 10 (3.0) |
 Dressing * | |||||
  Independent | 331 (10.8) | 94 (11.7) | 127 (11.3) | 97 (12.1) | 13 (3.9) |
  Needs Supervision | 809 (26.5) | 244 (30.5) | 335 (29.9) | 209 (26.1) | 21 (6.4) |
  Needs Assistance | 1192 (39.0) | 343 (42.8) | 457 (40.8) | 342 (42.6) | 50 (15.2) |
  Dependent | 137 (4.5) | 36 (4.5) | 48 (4.3) | 47 (5.9) | 6 (1.8) |
 Self-feeding * | |||||
  Independent | 1304 (42.7) | 387 (48.3) | 531 (47.4) | 350 (43.6) | 36 (10.9) |
  Needs Supervision | 861 (28.2) | 255 (31.8) | 330 (29.5) | 244 (30.4) | 32 (9.7) |
  Needs Assistance | 272 (8.9) | 68 (8.5) | 98 (8.8) | 88 (11.0) | 18 (5.5) |
  Dependent | 33 (1.1) | 8 (1.0) | 7 (0.6) | 15 (1.9) | 3 (0.9) |
 Toileting * | |||||
 Independent | 555 (18.2) | 151 (18.9) | 236 (21.1) | 150 (18.7) | 18 (5.5) |
  Needs Supervision | 1119 (36.7) | 337 (42.1) | 457 (40.8) | 295 (36.8) | 30 (9.1) |
  Needs Assistance | 703 (23.0) | 204 (25.5) | 241 (21.5) | 224 (27.9) | 34 (10.3) |
  Dependent | 94 (3.1) | 26 (3.2) | 33 (2.9) | 28 (3.5) | 7 (2.1) |
 Transferring * | |||||
  Independent | 462 (15.1) | 98 (12.2) | 173 (15.4) | 163 (20.3) | 28 (8.5) |
  Needs Supervision | 1281 (42.0) | 380 (47.4) | 537 (47.9) | 330 (41.1) | 34 (10.3) |
  Needs Assistance | 686 (22.5) | 224 (28.0) | 244 (21.8) | 190 (23.7) | 28 (8.5) |
  Dependent | 52 (1.7) | 16 (2.0) | 18 (1.6) | 17 (2.1) | 1 (0.3) |