Table 1 Baseline study population characteristics
|  | COVID-19 Survivors N = 190 | No ADL decline N = 121 | ADL decline N = 69 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic and anthropometric | ||||
 Male | 68 (35.8%) | 46 (38.0%) | 22 (31.8%) | 0.400 |
 Age (years) | 86 (82–90) | 85 (82–89) | 88 (84–92) | 0.003 |
 Nursing home | 72 (38.0%) | 43 (35.5%) | 29 (42.0%) | 0.410 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 (21.9–28.2) | 26.1 (25.2–28.9) | 23.7 (21.1–26.7) | 0.020 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 CCI | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–4) | 0.100 |
 Chronic respiratory insufficiency | 11 (5.8%) | 7 (5.8%) | 3 (4.3%) | 0.700 |
 Stroke | 35 (18.4%) | 12 (9.9%) | 23 (33.3%) | < 0.001 |
 Diabetes | 32 (16.8%) | 18 (14.8%) | 14 (20.3%) | 0.330 |
 Coronaropathy | 50 (26.3%) | 32 (26.4%) | 18 (26.1%) | 0.990 |
 Hypertension | 145 (76.3%) | 83 (68.6%) | 56 (81.1%) | 0.060 |
 Chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5 | 18 (9.5%) | 13 (10.7%) | 5 (7.2%) | 0.420 |
Geriatric assessment | ||||
 Pre admission ADL | 5 (3.0–6.0) | 5 (3.0–6.0) | 4.5 (3.5–5.5) | 0.160 |
 Pre admission IADL | 1 (0–3.0) | 1 (0–4.0) | 1 (0–1.0) | < 0.001 |
 Pre admission CFS | 5 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (4–6) | 0.030 |
 Neurocognitive disorder | 95 (50%) | 52 (42.9%) | 43 (62.3%) | 0.010 |
 Prior fall | 94 (49.7%) | 52 (42.9%) | 42 (60.9%) | 0.007 |
 Number of medications | 7 (5.0–10.0) | 7 (5.0–9.0) | 8 (6.0–12.0) | 0.007 |
 Depressive semiology | 36 (18.9%) | 18 (14.8%) | 18 (26.1%) | 0.060 |
Clinical features | ||||
 Respiratory signs | 146 (76.8%) | 90 (74.4%) | 56 (81.1%) | 0.320 |
 Fever | 102 (53.7%) | 61 (50.4%) | 41 (59.4%) | 0.210 |
 Delirium | 48 (25.2%) | 27 (22.3%) | 21 (30.4%) | 0.200 |
 Dehydration | 58 (30.5%) | 30 (24.8%) | 28 (40.6%) | 0.020 |
 Diarrhea | 46 (24.2%) | 24 (19.8%) | 22 (31.9%) | 0.060 |
 SOFA score (hospital admission) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.370 |
 Maximal oxygen supply (L/min) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (0–4) | 3 (0–5) | 0.260 |