Table 3 Bivariate analysis of risk factors and 4-year mortality in development cohort

Demographics

 Gender

Female

102 (47)

1.0

–

Male

115 (53)

1.4

(1.0–1.8)

 Age (Years)

50–54

6 (3)

0.1

(0.05–0.3)

55–59

18 (8)

0.3

(0.2–0.6)

60–64

14 (6)

0.3

(0.2–0.5)

65–69

25 (12)

0.8

(0.5–1.2)

70–74

41 (19)

1.9

(1.3–2.7)

75–79

44 (20)

2.8

(1.9–3.9)

80–84

34 (16)

3.9

(2.6–5.7)

85 + 

35 (16)

9.8

(6.4–15.1)

CV diagnoses

Present

Absent

 Heart attack

29 (13)

187 (86)

3.7

(2.4–5.6)

 Chronic heart failure

7 (3)

209 (96)

3.1

(1.4–6.9)

 Stroke

8 (4)

208 (96)

2.8

(1.3–5.9)

 Angina

32 (15)

184 (85)

3.2

(2.1–4.8)

 Arrythmia

49 (23)

167 (77)

1.9

(1.3–2.6)

 High cholesterol

70 (32)

146 (67)

0.7

(0.6–1.0)

 High blood pressure

104 (48)

112 (52)

1.6

(1.2–2.1)

Non-CV diagnoses

Present

Absent

 Diabetes

32 (15)

184 (85)

2.2

(1.5–3.2)

 Cancer

36 (17)

181 (83)

3.8

(2.6–5.6)

 Lung disease

24 (11)

193 (89)

3.1

(2.0–4.9)

 Dementia

4 (2)

213 (98)

14.6

(3.9–54.9)

 Psychological/Emotional problems

13 (6)

204 (94)

0.7

(0.4–1.3)

 Arthritis

77 (35)

140 (65)

1.5

(1.1–2.0)

Health Behaviour

Yes

No

 Smoked past age 30

99 (46)

117 (54)

1.7

(1.2–2.3)

 Smoke currently

58 (27)

159 (73)

2.5

(1.9–3.2)

 Ever smoked

143 (66)

74 (34)

1.5

(1.2–2.1)

 Often troubled by pain

82 (38)

135 (62)

1

(0.8–1.5)

 Drink alcohol daily

11 (5)

147 (68)

1.1

(0.6–2.0)

 Fallen in last year

58 (27)

159 (73)

1.5

(1.1–2.1)

 Incontinence in last year

41 (19)

172 (79)

1.7

(1.2–2.4)

 Visual impairment

85 (39)

132 (61)

3.5

(2.6–4.7)

 Hearing impairment

7 (3)

210 (97)

1.6

(0.7–3.5)

Functional—‘Difficulty with’

Yes

No

  Bathing

26 (12)

191 (88)

5.0

(3.2–7.9)

  Using the toilet

13 (6)

204 (94)

9.9

(5.0–19.6)

  Eating

8 (4)

209 (96)

9.3

(3.9–22.0)

  Walking across a room

11 (5)

206 (95)

6.5

(3.2–13.0)

  Dressing

29 (13)

188 (87)

2.6

(1.7–4.0)

  Getting out of bed

18 (8)

199 (92)

6.2

(3.6–10.8)

  Using the phone

7 (3)

210 (97)

6.8

(2.8–16.4)

  Shopping for groceries

35 (16)

182 (84)

6.5

(4.3–9.8)

  Preparing meals

29 (13)

188 (87)

11.0

(6.8–17.7)

  Taking medication

11 (5)

206 (95)

9.0

(4.3–18.7)

  Managing money

11 (5)

206 (95)

5.3

(2.7–10.5)

  Doing household chores

40 (18)

177 (82)

5.9

(4.0–8.6)

  Walking 100 m

65 (30)

152 (70)

6.6

(4.8–9.1)

  Climbing 1 flight of stairs

59 (27)

158 (73)

5.6

(4.1–7.8)

  Climbing several flights of stairs

133 (61)

84 (39)

4.0

(3.0–5.3)

  Pushing/pulling heavy objects

67 (31)

150 (69)

3.3

(2.4–4.5)

  Vigorous physical exercise in last week

21 (10)

196 (90)

0.3

(0.2–0.5)

  Lifting 10lbs

95 (44)

122 (56)

3.6

(2.7–4.8)

  Stooping, crouching, kneeling

105 (48)

112 (52)

2.6

(2.0–3.5)

  Reach above shoulders

33 (15)

184 (85)

2.4

(1.6–3.6)

  Picking up a coin

21 (10)

196 (90)

3.1

(1.9–5.0)

  Getting up from a chair

61 (28)

156 (72)

2.0

(1.5–2.7)

  Sitting for long periods of time

33 (15)

184 (85)

1.6

(1.1–2.4)