Model | Total cognitive function, β (95% CI) | Mental intactness, β (95% CI) | Episodic memory, β (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Model 1a | |||
Time | -0.42 (-0.52, -0.32)*** | -0.30 (-0.37, -0.24)*** | -0.11 (-0.18, -0.05)*** |
Childhood friendship (Ref: poor) | |||
 Fair | 0.09 (-0.19, 0.36) | 0.09 (-0.10, 0.27) | 0.00 (-0.17, 0.16) |
 Good | 0.26 (-0.02, 0.53)†| 0.14 (-0.04, 0.32) | 0.10 (-0.06, 0.27) |
Female (Ref: male) | -0.53 (-0.89, -0.16)** | -0.59 (-0.83, -0.35)*** | 0.06 (-0.16, 0.28) |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time | 0.17 (0.04, 0.29)** | 0.05 (-0.03, 0.13) | 0.12 (0.04, 0.20)** |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time | 0.19 (0.07, 0.30)** | 0.04 (-0.04, 0.12) | 0.15 (0.07, 0.22)*** |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time × Female | -0.11 (-0.30, 0.08) | -0.02 (-0.15, 0.11) | -0.09 (-0.21, 0.03) |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time × Female | -0.02 (-0.20, 0.17) | 0.04 (-0.08, 0.16) | -0.06 (-0.17, 0.06) |
Model 2a | |||
Time | -0.54 (-0.78, -0.29)*** | -0.33 (-0.50, -0.17)*** | -0.21 (-0.36, -0.05)* |
Childhood friendship (Ref: poor) | |||
 Fair | 0.92 (0.20, 1.63)* | 0.70 (0.22, 1.18)** | 0.22 (-0.21, 0.65) |
 Good | 0.74 (0.01, 1.48)* | 0.46 (-0.04, 0.95)†| 0.29 (-0.15, 0.73) |
Educational level (Ref: illiterate) | |||
 Some primary school | 1.93 (1.27, 2.59)*** | 1.40 (0.96, 1.84)*** | 0.54 (0.14, 0.93)** |
 Finished primary school | 2.26 (1.62, 2.91)*** | 1.71 (1.28, 2.15)*** | 0.55 (0.17, 0.94)** |
 Higher than primary school | 3.07 (2.44, 3.71)*** | 2.29 (1.86, 2.72)*** | 0.78 (0.40, 1.16)*** |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time | -0.12 (-0.44, 0.19) | -0.03 (-0.24, 0.18) | -0.09 (-0.30, 0.11) |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time | 0.09 (-0.23, 0.41) | 0.09 (-0.13, 0.31) | 0.00 (-0.21, 0.21) |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time × Some primary school | 0.29 (-0.08, 0.66) | 0.10 (-0.16, 0.35) | 0.20 (-0.04, 0.43) |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time × Finished primary school | 0.22 (-0.14, 0.57) | 0.07 (-0.17, 0.31) | 0.15 (-0.08, 0.37) |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time × Higher than primary school | 0.24 (-0.10, 0.59) | 0.07 (-0.16, 0.31) | 0.17 (-0.05, 0.40) |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time × Some primary school | -0.04 (-0.42, 0.34) | -0.14 (-0.40, 0.12) | 0.10 (-0.14, 0.35) |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time × Finished primary school | 0.00 (-0.36, 0.36) | -0.06 (-0.30, 0.19) | 0.06 (-0.18, 0.29) |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time × Higher than primary school | 0.10 (-0.25, 0.45) | 0.00 (-0.24, 0.24) | 0.10 (-0.13, 0.33) |
Model 3a | |||
Time | -0.19 (-0.36, -0.03)* | -0.21 (-0.32, -0.09)*** | 0.01 (-0.10, 0.12) |
Childhood friendship (Ref: poor) | |||
 Fair | 0.62 (0.18, 1.06)** | 0.31 (0.01, 0.60)* | 0.31 (0.05, 0.58)* |
 Good | 0.53 (0.11, 0.95)* | 0.23 (-0.05, 0.51) | 0.29 (0.04, 0.54)* |
Adverse childhood experiences (Ref: 0) | |||
 1 | 0.13 (-0.35, 0.62) | 0.03 (-0.29, 0.36) | 0.10 (-0.19, 0.39) |
 2 | 0.30 (-0.21, 0.81) | 0.04 (-0.30, 0.39) | 0.26 (-0.05, 0.56) |
  ≥ 3 | -0.20 (-0.76, 0.35) | -0.39 (-0.76, -0.01)* | 0.19 (-0.15, 0.52) |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time | -0.03 (-0.22, 0.16) | -0.07 (-0.20, 0.06) | 0.04 (-0.08, 0.17) |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time | -0.03 (-0.21, 0.15) | -0.06 (-0.18, 0.06) | 0.03 (-0.09, 0.15) |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time × ACEs (1) | 0.30 (0.04, 0.55)* | 0.22 (0.05, 0.39)** | 0.07 (-0.09, 0.24) |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time × ACEs (2) | 0.11 (-0.16, 0.38) | 0.07 (-0.11, 0.25) | 0.04 (-0.13, 0.22) |
Childhood friendship (fair) × Time × ACEs (≥ 3) | 0.13 (-0.17, 0.43) | 0.12 (-0.08, 0.32) | 0.01 (-0.18, 0.20) |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time × ACEs (1) | 0.33 (0.09, 0.57)** | 0.24 (0.08, 0.40)** | 0.10 (-0.06, 0.25) |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time × ACEs (2) | 0.34 (0.09, 0.60)** | 0.16 (-0.02, 0.33)†| 0.19 (0.02, 0.35)* |
Childhood friendship (good) × Time × ACEs (≥ 3) | 0.16 (-0.12, 0.45) | 0.03 (-0.16, 0.22) | 0.13 (-0.05, 0.32) |