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Table 2 Validation of the Kihon Checklist, frailty screening index, and self-reported health against frailty defined by the J-CHS criteria according to the Fried phenotype model

From: Validation of the Kihon Checklist and the frailty screening index for frailty defined by the phenotype model in older Japanese adults

 

J-CHS criteria

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

LR + 

LR-

AUC ROC (95% CI)

Frailty

Non-frailty

Crude

Bootstrap

KCL

Total (n = 1306)

  Frailty, n

112

(8.6)

233

(17.8)

76.2

79.9

32.5

96.4

3.8

0.3

0.861

(0.832–0.889)

0.840

(0.808–0.871)

  Non-frailty, n

35

(2.7)

926

(70.9)

          

Women (n = 656)

  Frailty, n

59

(9.0)

110

(16.8)

73.8

80.9

34.9

95.7

3.9

0.3

0.851

(0.809–0.892)

0.831

(0.784–0.879)

  Non-frailty, n

21

(3.2)

466

(71.0)

          

Men (n = 650)

  Frailty, n

53

(8.2)

123

(18.9)

79.1

78.9

30.1

97.0

3.7

0.3

0.875

(0.839–0.911)

0.856

(0.815–0.898)

  Non-frailty, n

14

(2.1)

460

(70.8)

          

FSI

Total (n = 1306)

  Frailty, n

129

(9.9)

321

(24.5)

87.8

72.3

28.7

97.9

3.2

0.2

0.860

(0.831–0.889)

0.780

(0.728–0.833)

  Non-frailty, n

18

(1.4)

838

(64.2)

          

Women (n = 656)

  Frailty, n

68

(10.4)

170

(25.9)

85.0

70.5

28.6

97.1

2.9

0.2

0.837

(0.796–0.879)

0.752

(0.695–0.810)

  Non-frailty, n

12

(1.8)

406

(61.9)

          

Men (n = 650)

  Frailty, n

61

(9.4)

151

(23.2)

91.0

74.1

28.8

98.6

3.5

0.1

0.885

(0.846–0.925)

0.848

(0.791–0.904)

  Non-frailty, n

6

(0.9)

432

(66.5)

          

Self-reported health

Total (n = 1306)

  Frailty, n

54

(4.2)

110

(8.4)

36.7

90.5

32.9

91.9

3.9

0.7

0.668

(0.629–0.707)

0.405

(0.336–0.473)

  Non-frailty, n

93

(7.1)

1,049

(80.3)

          

Women (n = 656)

  Frailty, n

27

(4.1)

50

(7.6)

33.8

91.3

35.1

90.8

3.9

0.7

0.665

(0.616–0.714)

0.407

(0.311–0.504)

  Non-frailty, n

53

(8.1)

526

(80.2)

          

Men (n = 650)

  Frailty, n

27

(4.2)

60

(9.2)

40.3

89.7

31.0

92.9

3.9

0.7

0.672

(0.610–0.734)

0.430

(0.335–0.526)

  Non-frailty, n

40

(6.1)

523

(80.5)

          
  1. AUC ROC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, CI Confidence interval, FSI Frailty screening index, revised J-CHS criteria the revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, KCL Kihon Checklist, LR +  positive likelihood ratio, LR −  negative likelihood ratio, NPV negative predictive value, PPV positive predictive value
  2. The cut-off scores for diagnosing frailty is 7 points in the KCL, 2 points in FSI, and “not very healthy” or worse in self-reported health
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