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Table 1 Characteristics of the Kyoto-Kameoka Study participants according to sexa

From: Validation of the Kihon Checklist and the frailty screening index for frailty defined by the phenotype model in older Japanese adults

 

Total (n = 1306)

Women (n = 656)

Men (n = 650)

Age (years) b

72.8

(5.5)

72.5

(5.2)

73.1

(5.8)

PD ≥ 1000 people/km2 (n [%]) c

528

(40.4)

254

(38.7)

274

(42.2)

Body mass index (kg/m2) b

22.6

(3.3)

22.3

(3.5)

22.9

(3.1)

Living alone (n [%]) c

137

(10.5)

101

(15.4)

36

(5.5)

HSES (n [%]) c

488

(37.4)

244

(37.2)

244

(37.5)

Education ≥ 13 y (n [%]) c

326

(25.0)

124

(18.9)

202

(31.1)

Current smoker (n [%]) c

104

(8.0)

14

(2.1)

90

(13.9)

Alcohol drinker (n [%]) c

904

(69.2)

337

(51.4)

567

(87.2)

No medication (n [%]) c

275

(21.1)

130

(19.8)

145

(22.3)

Hypertension (n [%]) c

511

(39.1)

260

(39.6)

251

(38.6)

Stroke (n [%]) c

36

(2.8)

12

(1.8)

24

(3.7)

Heart disease (n [%]) c

144

(11.0)

45

(6.9)

99

(15.2)

Diabetes (n [%]) c

118

(9.0)

46

(7.0)

72

(11.1)

Hyperlipidaemia (n [%]) c

152

(11.6)

97

(14.8)

55

(8.5)

KCL score b

4.5

(3.7)

4.4

(3.7)

4.6

(3.7)

FSI score b

1.2

(1.0)

1.2

(1.0)

1.2

(1.0)

Poor self-reported health (n [%]) c,d

164

(12.6)

77

(11.7)

87

(13.4)

Grip strength (kg) b

27.7

(8.1)

33.9

(3.9)

21.5

(6.2)

Gait speed (m/s) b

1.25

(0.22)

1.26

(0.21)

1.25

(0.22)

J-CHS Frailty (n [%]) c

147

(11.3)

80

(12.2)

67

(10.3)

  1. FSI Frailty screening index, HSES High socioeconomic status, J-CHS Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study, KCL Kihon Checklist, PD Population density
  2. a Data for participants with missing values were imputed by multiple imputation: family structure (n = 67, 5.1%), socioeconomic status (n = 56, 4.3%), education (n = 116, 8.9%), smoking status (n = 7, 0.5%), alcohol status (n = 3, 0.2%), and medications (n = 12, 0.9%)
  3. b Continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation
  4. c Category variables are presented as the number of cases and percentage
  5. d Self-reported health (“very healthy” or “somewhat healthy” = good self-reported health, and “not very healthy” or “unhealthy” = poor self-reported health)