Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

Age (y)

68.60 ± 9.28

69.16 ± 8.55

69.13. ± 8.54

Male (%)

63(54.78%)

45(47.37%)

43(43.88%)

Education(y)

13.07 ± 7.25

11.04 ± 3.17*

10.83 ± 4.48*^△

Neuropsychological tests

  n

89

79

84

  MMSE

27.96 ± 1.25

26.71 ± 1.71*

17.00 ± 5.77**^△△

  ISR

25.58 ± 10.61

12.10 ± 6.40**

2.34 ± 2.75**^△△

  DSR

23.26 ± 11.73

6.03 ± 4.20**

0.60 ± 1.67**^△△

  CDT

3.95 ± 0.22

3.78 ± 0.50

2.41 ± 1.33**^△△

  TMT-A

67.74 ± 27.23

71.26 ± 29.01

122.07 ± 33.11**^△△

  CDR-SB

0.78 ± 0.98

1.42 ± 1.20*

6.31 ± 3.12**^△△

  ADL

14.08 ± 0.28

14.28 ± 0.45*

23.16 ± 6.19*△

MRI visual rating scale

  n

77

52

55

  MTA-right

0.62 ± 0.76

0.98 ± 0.92*

1.76 ± 1.02**^△△

  MTA-left

0.79 ± 0.86

0.96 ± 0.91

1.89 ± 1.05**^△△

  GCA

0.74 ± 0.75

1.11 ± 0.91*

0.97 ± 0.86

  PA

0.62 ± 0.66

0.94 ± 0.72**

1.12 ± 0.66**^△△

  MTAi-right

1.97 ± 1.48

2.71 ± 1.46**

3.47 ± 1.71**^△

  MTAi-left

1.71 ± 1.49

2.35 ± 1.37*

3.42 ± 1.58