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Table 6 Generalized estimating equation on the association between parenting styles (behaviors) and health outcome in mid- and late life (subsample from families with at least one illiterate parent)

From: Parenting styles and health in mid- and late life: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

 

Model 1a

Model 2a

Model 3a

Self-rated Health

Cognitive function

CES-D-10 score

Parenting styles

 Authoritative

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Authoritarian

−0.15***

−0.23

0.76**

 Indulgent

0.01

0.30**

−0.38*

 Uninvolved

−0.14***

0.01

0.24

 

Model 4a

Model 5a

Model 6a

Self-rated Health

Cognitive function

CES-D-10 score

Parenting behaviors

 Maternal affection

0.04**

0.07

−0.11

 Maternal discipline

0.01

−0.03

0.14*

 Paternal affection

0.05***

0.08

−0.27***

 Paternal discipline

−0.03*

−0.03

0.06

  1. a Adjusted for age, gender, survey year, residence, marital status, education, financial status, childhood socioeconomic disadvantages, childhood health status and parental mental illnesss
  2. ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05
  3. CES-D-10; 10 item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale