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Table 4 Generalized Estimating Equation on the association between parenting styles (behaviors) and health outcome in mid- and late life (male subsample)

From: Parenting styles and health in mid- and late life: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

 

Model 1a

Model 2a

Model 3a

Self-rated Health

Cognitive function

CES-D-10 score

Parenting styles

 Authoritative

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Authoritarian

−0.13**

− 0.19

0.79***

 Indulgent

0.01

0.20*

−0.37*

 Uninvolved

−0.12**

−0.05

0.29

 

Model 4a

Model 5a

Model 6a

Self-rated Health

Cognitive function

CES-D-10 score

Parenting behaviors

 Maternal affection

0.02

0.06

−0.06

 Maternal discipline

−0.01

− 0.10*

0.09

 Paternal affection

0.06***

0.06

−0.35***

 Paternal discipline

−0.01

0.04

0.05

  1. aAdjusted for age, survey year, residence, marital status, education, financial status, childhood socioeconomic disadvantages, childhood health status and parental mental illness
  2. ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05
  3. CES-D-10 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale