Table 3 Generalized Estimating Equation on the association between parenting styles (behaviors) and health outcome in mid- and late life

Model 1^a

Model 2^a

Model 3^a

Self-rated Health

Cognitive function

CES-D-10 score

 Authoritative

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Authoritarian

− 0.13^***

−0.23^*

0.87^***

 Indulgent

0.02

0.25^***

− 0.34^*

 Uninvolved

−0.12^***

− 0.01

0.30^*

Model 4^a

Model 5^a

Model 6^a

Self-rated Health

Cognitive function

CES-D-10 score

 Maternal affection

0.04^***

0.05

−0.15^*

 Maternal discipline

−0.01

− 0.03

0.15^**

 Paternal affection

0.05^***

0.10^**

−0.29^***

 Paternal discipline

−0.02^*

−0.02

0.02