Table 1 Sample characteristics
| Â | Mean (SD)/N(%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | All (N = 12,493) | Male (N = 6114) | Female (N = 6379) |
Age | 57.70 (9.25) | 58.73 (9.11) | 56.68 (9.26) |
Residence | |||
 Urban | 4959 (39.69) | 2355 (38.52) | 2604 (40.82) |
 Rural | 7534 (60.31) | 3759 (61.48) | 3775 (59.18) |
Marital status | |||
 married/partnered | 11,460 (91.73) | 5689 (93.05) | 5771 (90.47) |
 separated/divorced/widowed | 957 (7.66) | 355 (5.81) | 602 (9.44) |
 single | 76 (0.61) | 70 (1.15) | 6 (0.09) |
Parenting styles | |||
 Authoritative | 2237 (17.91) | 1161 (18.99) | 1076 (16.87) |
 Authoritarian | 1486 (11.89) | 797 (13.04) | 689 (10.80) |
 Indulgent | 4125 (33.02) | 1883 (30.08) | 2242 (35.15) |
 Uninvolved | 4645 (37.18) | 2273 (37.18) | 2372 (37.18) |
Maternal Affection (1–4.34) | 3.48 (0.76) | 3.49 (0.75) | 3.47 (0.77) |
Paternal Affection (1–5) | 3.73 (1.11) | 3.68 (1.11) | 3.78 (1.09) |
Maternal discipline (1–4) | 2.71 (1.07) | 2.76 (1.04) | 2.67 (1.11) |
Paternal discipline (1–4) | 2.70 (1.10) | 2.79 (0.97) | 2.61 (1.02) |
Parental illiteracy | |||
 Both parents were literate | 6564 (52.54) | 3245 (53.07) | 3319 (52.03) |
 One of parents was illiterate | 5929 (47.46) | 2869 (46.93) | 3060 (47.97) |
Self-rated health (1–5) | 2.24 (0.95) | 2.32 (0.95) | 2.17 (0.93) |
Global cognitive function (0–21) | 11.58 (3.86) | 12.19 (3.47) | 10.99 (4.13) |
CES-D-10 score (0–30) | 7.70 (6.08) | 6.80 (5.56) | 8.56 (6.41) |