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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

From: Development and internal validation of a prediction model to identify older adults at risk of low physical activity levels during hospitalisation: a prospective cohort study

  

Model 1

Model 2

Variable

All patients

(n = 146)

Low PA level (n = 73)

High PA level (n = 73)

p-value*

Low PA level (n = 49)

High PA level

(n = 97)

p-value*

Age, years (mean, SD)

81.3 (6.8)

82.4 (6.6)

80.2 (6.9)

.896

82.0 (6.8)

81.0 (6.8)

.363

Sex (n, %)

   

.737

  

.169

 Female

60 (41.1%)

29 (39.7%)

31 (42.5%)

 

24 (49.0%)

36 (37.1%)

 

Average min. standing/walking per day (median, IQR)

64.4

(34.7 – 100.1)

34.8

(16.9 – 51.8)

98.7

(78.1 –136.6)

 < .001

24.4

(9.2 – 35.5)

84.6

(64.4 –124.9)

 < .001

SPPB (median, IQR)

4 (2 – 8)

3 (1 – 5)

7 (4 – 10)

 < .001

2 (0 – 3)

6 (4 – 10)

 < .001

AM-PAC (n, %)

   

 < .001

  

 < .001

 ≤ 19

57 (39.0%)

44 (60.3%)

13 (17.8%)

 

36 (73.5%)

21 (21.6%)

 

 20

89 (61.0%)

29 (39.7%)

60 (82.2%)

 

13 (26.5%)

76 (78.4%)

 

Katz ADL (n, %)

   

.045

  

 < .001

 0 disabilities

82 (56.2%)

35 (47.9%)

47 (64.4%)

 

17 (34.7%)

65 (67.0%)

 

 ≥ 1 disabilities

64 (43.8%)

38 (52.1%)

26 (35.6%)

 

32 (65.3%)

32 (33.0%)

 

Walking aid (n, %)

   

.038

  

.001

 None

79 (54.1%)

32 (43.8%)

47 (64.4%)

 

16 (32.7%)

63 (64.9%)

 

 Walker

49 (33.6%)

31 (42.5%)

18 (24.7%)

 

26 (53.1%)

23 (23.7%)

 

 Crutch or cane

18 (12.3%)

10 (13.7%)

8 (11.0%)

 

7 (14.3%)

11 (11.3%)

 

Clinical diagnosis

(n, %)

   

.065

  

.120

 Digestive

35 (24.0%)

15 (20.5%)

20 (27.4%)

 

9 (18.4%)

26 (26.8%)

 

 Respiratory

27 (18.5%)

10 (13.7%)

17 (23.3%)

 

7 (14.3%)

20 (20.6%)

 

 Infectious

23 (15.8%)

17 (23.3%)

6 (8.2%)

 

13 (26.5%)

10 (10.3%)

 

 Neoplasms

16 (11.0%)

10 (13.7%)

6 (8.2%)

 

7 (14.3%)

9 (9.3%)

 

 Genitourinary

14 (9.6%)

9 (12.3%)

5 (6.8%)

 

3 (6.1%)

11 (11.3%)

 

 Circulatory

7 (4.8%)

2 (2.7%)

5 (6.8%)

 

1 (2.0%)

6 (6.2%)

 

 Other

24 (16.4%)

10 (13.7%)

14 (19.2%)

 

9 (18.4%)

15 (15.5%)

 

Comorbidities (CCI) (median, IQR)

2 (1 – 4)

3 (1 – 4)

2 (1 – 3)

.064

3 (1.5 – 5)

2 (1 – 3)

.001

Nr. of falls ≤ 6 months (median, IQR)

0 (0—1)

0 (0 – 2)

0 (0 – 1)

.386

0 (0 – 2)

0 (0 – 1)

.086

PT consulted (n, %)

   

 < .001

  

 < .001

 Yes

89 (61.0%)

55 (75.3%)

34 (46.6%)

 

40 (81.6%)

49 (50.5%)

 

 No

57 (39.0%)

18 (24.7%)

39 (53.4%)

 

9 (18.4%)

48 (49.5%)

 

LOS, days (median, IQR)

9 (6 – 13)

11 (7 – 15)

8 (6 – 11)

.001

13 (8 – 17)

8 (6 – 11)

 < .001

Discharge location (n, %)

   

.001

  

 < .001

 Home

119 (81.5%)

50 (68.5%)

69 (94.5%)

 

29 (59.2%)

90 (92.8%)

 

 Geriatric rehabilitation centre

16 (11.0%)

13 (17.8%)

3 (4.1%)

 

12 (24.5%)

4 (4.1%)

 

 Nursing home

6 (4.1%)

5 (6.8%)

1 (1.4%)

 

3 (6.1%)

3 (3.1%)

 

 Other

5 (3.4%)

5 (6.8%)

0 (0.0%)

 

5 (10.2%)

0 (0.0%)

 
  1. Characteristics of study participants (older adults hospitalised with an acute medical illness) categorized by low or high PA levels, with cut-off values of 64.4 and 47.2 min standing/walking in model 1 and 2, respectively. PA Physical Activity, SD standard deviation, IQR Interquartile Range, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, AM-PAC Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care Inpatient Basic Mobility short form, Katz ADL Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, PT physiotherapy, LOS length of hospital stay
  2. *P-value < 0.05. To compare proportions, the chi-square test was used. For continuous variables, the independent sample t-test or Mann–Whitney U test were used for normally and not-normally distributed data, respectively
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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