Table 5 Multiple regression model of change in HRQL as measured on EQ-5D proxy as dependent variable
EQ-5D proxy (n = 269) | EQ-5D proxy (n = 269) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Poorer HRQL… compared to improvement | Stable HRQL… compared to improvement | Poorer HRQL… compared to improvement | Stable HRQL… compared to improvement | |
EQ5D proxy at baseline | 8.03 ** | 4.51 ** | 8.14 ** | 4.55 ** |
Age | 0.032 | 0.017 | 0.037 | 0.023 |
Gender | ||||
Female | – | – | – | – |
Male | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.16 | −0.47 |
Education level | ||||
Below A-level or equivalent | – | – | – | – |
AS/A-level | −0.35 | −0.032 | − 0.39 | −0.023 |
Degree or higher | −0.53 | −0.60 | − 0.61 | −0.55 |
Co-resident | ||||
No | – | – | – | – |
Yes | −0.038 | −0.86 | − 0.13 | −0.86 |
Setting | ||||
Rural | – | – | – | – |
Urban | −0.40 | −0.13 | − 0.43 | −0.18 |
Relationship of carer | ||||
Spouse | – | – | – | – |
Son/daughter (incl. in-law) | 0.42 | −0.14 | 0.34 | −0.16 |
Other | −0.26 | −1.13 | −0.42 | −1.20 |
Carer burden (Zarit Burden score) | −0.014 | −0.031 * | − 0.015 | −0.033 * |
Alzheimer’s disease | ||||
No | – | – | – | – |
Yes | −0.44 | 0.12 | −0.44 * | 0.082 |
Severity of cognitive impairment | ||||
Mild | – | – | – | – |
Moderate | 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.60 | 0.70 |
Severe | 1.63 * | 1.61 * | 1.87 * | 1.78 * |
Level of disability | ||||
No ADLs or IADLs | – | – | – | – |
Needs help with 1+ IADL | −0.012 | −0.95 | −0.17 | −0.97 |
Difficulty with 1 ADL | 0.23 | −0.14 | 0.13 | −0.16 |
Difficulty with 2+ ADLs | 2.29 * | 0.56 | 2.20 * | 0.22 |
Level of behavioural disturbance (NPI score) | 0.037 * | 0.027 | 0.043 * | 0.029 |
Increase in severity of cognitive impairment | 0.55 | 0.23 | ||
Increase in level of disability | 0.23 | −0.68 | ||
Increase in level of behavioural disturbance | 0.45 | 0.029 | ||
Constant | −7.65 * | −2.81 | −8.39 ** | −3.05 |