Table 3 Multiple regression models with follow-up EQ-5D and EQ-5D proxy values as dependent variables
EQ-5D (n = 195) Model 1 | EQ-5D (n = 195) Model 2 | EQ-5D proxy (n = 269) Model 1 | EQ-5D proxy (n = 269) Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
EQ-5D/EQ-5D proxy at baseline | 0.35 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.27 ** |
Age | −0.0013 | − 0.0014 | − 0.0032 | − 0.0038 |
Gender | ||||
Female | – | – | – | |
Male | −0.037 | − 0.038 | − 0.034 | − 0.025 |
Education level | ||||
Below A-level or equivalent | – | – | – | |
AS/A-level | 0.030 | 0.028 | 0.0049 | 0.013 |
Degree or higher | −0.031 | − 0.032 | 0.024 | 0.031 |
Co-resident | ||||
No | – | – | – | |
Yes | 0.076 | 0.077 | −0.0061 | 0.0078 |
Setting | ||||
Rural | – | – | – | |
Urban | 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.050 | 0.051 |
Relationship of carer | ||||
Spouse | – | – | – | |
Son/daughter (incl. in-law) | 0.011 | 0.012 | − 0.074 | − 0.062 |
Other | 0.030 | 0.032 | −0.063 | −0.049 |
Carer (Zarit) burden score | 0.0022 | 0.0023 | 0.00065 | 0.00048 |
Carer GHQ score | ||||
Carer SF-12 Mental health score | ||||
Alzheimer’s disease | ||||
No | – | – | – | – |
Yes | 0.037 | 0.038 | 0.0013 | −0.0015 |
Severity of cognitive impairment | ||||
Mild | – | – | – | |
Moderate | 0.041 | 0.041 | −0.044 | − 0.042 |
Severe | −0.16 * | −0.20 ** | ||
Level of disability | ||||
No ADL or IADL limitations | – | – | – | |
Needs help with 1+ IADL | −0.016 | − 0.017 | − 0.016 | 0.012 |
Difficulty with 1 ADL | −0.072 | − 0.073 | − 0.090 | −0.067 |
Difficulty with 2+ ADLs | −0.051 | −0.046 | − 0.25 ** | −0.20 ** |
Level of behavioural disturbance (NPI score) | −0.00024 | −0.00031 | − 0.0022 | −0.0028 |
Increase in severity of cognitive impairment | 0.0024 | −0.11 * | ||
Increase in level of disability | 0.014 | −0.020 | ||
Increase in level of behavioural disturbance | −0.0043 | −0.057 | ||
Constant | 0.51 ** | 0.51 ** | 0.82 ** | 0.89 ** |