Table 1 Socio-Demographic and Health-related Characteristics of the Study Participants—Overall and by Multimorbidity Status
From: Prevalence of multimorbidity and its correlates among older adults in Eastern Nepal
Multimorbidity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Overall (n = 843) | Present (n = 192) | Absent (n = 651) | p-value |
| Â | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Â |
Age in years | ||||
  60–69 | 383 (45.4) | 44 (22.9) | 339 (52.1) |  < 0.001 |
  70–79 | 315 (37.4) | 92 (47.9) | 223 (34.3) |  |
  80 +  | 145 (17.2) | 56 (29.2) | 89 (13.6) |  |
Sex | ||||
  Female | 412 (48.9) | 109 (56.8) | 303 (46.5) | 0.013 |
  Male | 431 (51.1) | 83 (43.2) | 348 (53.5) |  |
  Marital status |  |  |  |  |
  Married | 639 (75.8) | 123 (64.1) | 516 (79.3) |  < 0.001 |
  1Without partner | 204 (24.2) | 69 (35.9) | 135 (20.7) |  |
Ethnicity | ||||
  Brahmins/Chhetri | 266 (31.6) | 74 (38.5) | 192 (29.5) | 0.018 |
  Minorities and others | 577 (68.4) | 118 (61.5) | 459 (70.5) |  |
Education | ||||
  No formal schooling | 577 (68.4) | 125 (65.1) | 452 (69.4) | 0.257 |
  Formal schooling | 266 (31.6) | 67 (34.9) | 199 (30.6) |  |
Residence | ||||
  Rural | 370 (43.9) | 59 (30.7) | 311 (47.8) |  < 0.001 |
  Urban | 473 (56.1) | 133 (69.3) | 340 (52.2) |  |
Current occupation | ||||
  Agriculture | 400 (47.5) | 83 (43.2) | 317 (48.7) | 0.232 |
  Non-agriculture | 169 (20.0) | 37 (19.3) | 132 (20.3) |  |
  Retired/Housewife | 274 (32.5) | 72 (37.5) | 202 (31.0) |  |
Walking proximity to the nearest health center | ||||
  Less than 30 min | 272 (32.3) | 49 (25.5) | 223 (34.3) | 0.017 |
  30–60 min | 372 (44.1) | 85 (44.3) | 287 (44.1) |  |
  More than 60 min | 199 (23.6) | 58 (30.2) | 141 (21.6) |  |
Financial hardships with health care | ||||
  No | 379 (45.0) | 90 (46.9) | 289 (44.4) | 0.544 |
  Yes | 464 (55.0) | 102 (53.1) | 362 (55.6) |  |
Receiving social security allowance | ||||
  No | 409 (48.5) | 61 (31.8) | 348 (53.5) |  < 0.001 |
  Yes | 434 (51.5) | 131 (68.2) | 303 (46.5) |  |
Knowledge of Senior Citizen Services | ||||
  No | 98 (11.6) | 29 (15.1) | 69 (10.6) | 0.087 |
  Yes | 745 (88.4) | 163 (84.9) | 582 (89.4) |  |
Smoking | ||||
  Never | 579 (68.7) | 129 (67.2) | 450 (69.1) | 0.611 |
  Current/former | 264 (31.3) | 63 (32.8) | 201 (30.9) |  |
Tabaco use | ||||
  Never | 612 (72.6) | 151 (78.6) | 461 (70.8) | 0.033 |
  Current/former | 231 (27.4) | 41 (21.4) | 190 (29.2) |  |
Alcohol use | ||||
  Never | 581 (68.9) | 141 (73.4) | 440 (67.6) | 0.124 |
  Current/former | 262 (31.1) | 51 (26.6) | 211 (32.4) |  |
Physical activity | ||||
  Inactive | 512 (60.7) | 113 (58.9) | 399 (61.3) | 0.544 |
  Active | 331 (39.3) | 79 (41.1) | 252 (38.7) |  |