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Table 2 Prevalence rates of swallowing ability, nutritional status, and chewing ability among nursing home residents between year 2007 and 2013

From: Oropharyngeal dysphagia and associated factors among individuals living in nursing homes in northern Sweden in 2007 and 2013

 

Total

2007

2013

OR (95% CI)a

P value

Swallowing ability

  Oropharyngeal dysphagiab

712/4770 (14.9)

444/2740 (16.2)

268/2030 (13.2)

0.79 (0.66–0.95)

0.010

  Clinical signs of aspirationc

403/4737 (8.5)

254/2720 (9.3)

149/2017 (7.4)

0.76 (0.61–0.96)

0.020

Nutritional status

  Reduced nutrition intaked

767/4752 (16.1)

417/2728 (15.3)

350/2024 (17.3)

1.23 (1.04–1.46)

0.013

  Artificial nutrition

   

2.57 (1.21–5.44)

0.014

  PEG tube

33/4590 (0.7)

12/2658 (0.5)

21/1932 (1.1)

3.00 (1.34–6.75)

0.008

  Nasogastric tube

17/4611 (0.4)

6/2676 (0.2)

11/1935 (0.6)

3.34 (1.02–10.90)

0.046

Chewing ability

  Good

3118/4875 (64.0)

1775/2782 (63.8)

1343/2093 (64.2)

1.00 (0.87–1.15)

1.000

  Quite good

1199/4875 (24.6)

686/2782 (24.7)

513/2093 (24.5)

1.03 (0.89–1.17)

0.680

  Poor

558/4875 (11.4)

321/2782 (11.5)

237/2093 (11.3)

1.08 (0.88–1.32)

0.475

  1. Data are given as n (%)
  2. PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  3. aAdjusted for age, sex, cognition, and activity of daily living
  4. bDefined as difficulty in swallowing or showing clinical signs of aspiration during a meal within the last month as observed by a caregiver
  5. cDefined as misdirected swallowing during a meal within the last month as observed by a caregiver
  6. dRefers to reduced nutritional intake the last 3 months