Oropharyngeal dysphagia and associated factors among individuals living in nursing homes in northern Sweden in 2007 and 2013

Table 1 Participants’ characteristics in nursing homes and distribution of results between year 2007 and 2013

	Total n = 4933	2007 n = 2814	2013 n = 2119	P value
Mean age ± SD	84.7 ± 6.9	84.6 ± 6.8	85.0 ± 7.0	0.073^a
Sex				0.627^b
Women	3359/4933 (68.0)	1924 (68.4)	1435 (67.7)
Cognitive score (0–27), mean ± SD	16.2 ± 8.6	16.2 ± 8.9	16.5 ± 8.4	0.235^a
Cognitive impairment^c	3061/4371(70.0)	1767/2531 (69.8)	1294/1840 (70.3)	0.715^b
ADL score (4–24), mean ± SD^d	15.5 ± 6.3	15.5 ± 6.3	15.6 ± 6.2	0.504^a
Walks independently^e	2519/4840 (52.0)	1324/2787 (47.5)	1195/2053 (58.2)	< 0.001^b
Intelligible speech^f	3637/4673 (77.8)	2062/2739 (75.2)	1575/1934 (81.4)	< 0.001^b
Polymedication^g	1547/4701 (32.9)	946/2814 (33.6)	601/1887 (31.8)	0.206^b

Data are given as n (%) or as otherwise noted
SD standard deviation, ADL activities of daily living,
^aIndependent t-test
^bChi-squared test
^cDefined as Gottfries’ score of < 24 points. Missing data on 562 residents
^dMissing data on 240 residents
^eMissing data on 93 residents
^fDefined as understandable speech, i.e., individuals able to make themselves understood. Missing data on 260 residents
^gDefined as regularly taking 5 or more different drugs. Missing data on 232 residents

ISSN: 1471-2318