A novel intervention to reduce noninfectious and infectious complications associated with indwelling urethral catheters in hospitalized older patients: a quasi-experimental study

Table 3 Noninfectious complications associated with urethral catheter use

Noninfectious complications	Overall	Intervention group	Control group	p
Noninfectious complications	(n = 41)	(n = 14)	(n = 27)
Blood in urine	12 (29.2%)	6 (42.8%)	6 (22.2%)	0.168
Protective constraint from accidental catheter removal	12 (29.2%)	0 (0.0%)	12 (44.4%)	0.003^a
Trauma to skin related to catheter securement or catheter insertion	7 (17.0%)	4 (28.5%)	3 (11.1%)	0.205^a
Pain or discomfort	6 (15.0%)	3 (21.4%)	3 (11.1%)	0.393^a
Leakage or incontinence	2 (4.8%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (7.4%)	0.539^a
Accidental removal	2 (4.8%)	1 (7.1%)	1 (3.8%)	1.000^a

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