| |
Model 1†
|
Model 2 (n = 967)
|
|---|
|
Odds ratio for prefrailty vs robustness (95% CI)
|
Odds ratio per standard deviation increase (95% confidence interval)
|
p
|
Odds ratio for frailty vs robustness (95% CI)
|
Odds ratio per standard deviation increase (95% confidence interval)
|
p
|
Odds ratio for prefrailty vs robustness (95% CI)
|
Odds ratio per standard deviation increase (95% confidence interval)
|
p
|
Odds ratio for frailty vs robustness (95% CI)
|
Odds ratio per standard deviation increase (95% confidence interval)
|
p
|
|---|
|
Inflammatory biomarkers
|
|
log CRP
|
1.22 (1.07–1.39)
|
1.26 (1.08–1.46)
|
0.003
|
1.37 (1.14–1.66)
|
1.47 (1.18–1.82)
|
0.001
|
1.05 (0.91–1.22)
|
1.06 (0.89–1.27)
|
0.49
|
1.13 (0.90–1.42)
|
1.15 (0.88–1.51)
|
0.30
|
|
log IL-6
|
1.68 (1.35–2.09)
|
1.46 (1.24–1.70)
|
< 0.0001
|
2.26 (1.66–3.09)
|
1.81 (1.46–2.25)
|
< 0.0001
|
1.52 (1.18–1.95)
|
1.35 (1.13–1.63)
|
0.001
|
2.02 (1.38–2.95)
|
1.67 (1.26–2.20)
|
0.0003
|
|
Coagulation biomarkers
|
|
log tPA
|
1.36 (0.96–1.91)
|
1.14 (0.98–1.33)
|
0.08
|
2.03 (1.22–3.36)
|
1.36 (1.09–1.70)
|
0.006
|
1.32 (0.91–1.91)
|
1.13 (0.96–1.33)
|
0.15
|
1.68 (0.94–3.02)
|
1.26 (0.97–1.62)
|
0.08
|
|
log D-dimer
|
1.24 (0.96–1.60)
|
1.14 (0.98–1.33)
|
0.09
|
1.23 (0.85–1.78)
|
1.13 (0.91–1.42)
|
0.27
|
–
|
|
Endothelial biomarkers
|
|
log vWF
|
1.44 (1.05–1.96)
|
1.19 (1.03–1.37)
|
0.02
|
1.73 (1.09–2.75)
|
1.33 (1.07–1.64)
|
0.02
|
1.27 (0.91–1.77)
|
1.12 (0.96–1.31)
|
0.15
|
1.40 (0.83–2.38)
|
1.18 (0.91–1.51)
|
0.21
|
|
Cardiac biomarkers
|
|
log hs-cTnT
|
1.33 (1.05–1.68)
|
1.22 (1.04–1.43)
|
0.02
|
2.25 (1.54–3.29)
|
1.76 (1.35–2.29)
|
< 0.0001
|
1.13 (0.90–1.42)
|
1.13 (0.95–1.35)
|
0.18
|
1.95 (1.24–3.05)
|
1.59 (1.16–2.18)
|
0.004
|
|
log NT-proBNP
|
1.13 (1.01–1.27)
|
1.17 (1.01–1.36)
|
0.03
|
1.26 (1.06–1.15)
|
1.36 (1.08–1.71)
|
0.008
|
1.08 (0.95–1.22)
|
1.10 (0.93–1.30)
|
0.27
|
1.14 (0.94–1.40)
|
1.19 (0.92–1.54)
|
0.19
|
|
Imaging markers
|
|
CIMT
|
1.12 (0.44–2.88)
|
1.02 (0.88–1.18)
|
0.82
|
3.10 (0.78–12.34)
|
1.19 (0.96–1.48)
|
0.11
|
–
|
|
cfPWV
|
1.16 (1.05–1.27)
|
1.27 (1.09–1.49)
|
0.003
|
1.11 (0.96–1.29)
|
1.19 (0.93–1.53)
|
0.16
|
1.12 (1.02–1.24)
|
1.21 (1.03–1.44)
|
0.02
|
1.04 (0.88–1.23)
|
1.07 (0.81–1.40)
|
0.64
|
|
DC
|
0.96 (0.92–0.99)
|
0.83 (0.71–0.96)
|
0.01
|
0.92 (0.86–0.98)
|
0.70 (0.54–0.90)
|
0.006
|
0.98 (0.94–1.02)
|
0.90 (0.76–1.07)
|
0.24
|
0.92 (0.86–0.99)
|
0.71 (0.53–0.95)
|
0.02
|
|
ABPI < 0.9 (vs ABPI 0.9–1.4)
|
1.33 (0.93–1.90)
|
–
|
0.12
|
1.70 (1.00–2.89)
|
–
|
0.05
|
–
|
|
ABPI > 1.4 (vs ABPI 0.9–1.4)
|
0.61 (0.24–1.55)
|
–
|
0.30
|
0.71 (0.14–3.65)
|
–
|
0.68
|
- Model 1: Adjusted for age, eGFR, smoking status, polypharmacy, cognitive impairment, number of non-cardiovascular comorbidities, social class, BMI class, and systolic blood pressure. Model 2: additionally mutually-adjusted for biomarkers/imaging markers with p < 0.05 in Model 1
- BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CRP C-reactive protein, IL-6 interleukin-6, tPA tissue plasminogen activator, vWF von Willebrand factor, hs-cTnT high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, NT-proBNP N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide, CIMT carotid intima media thickness, cfPWV carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, DC carotid distensibility coefficient, ABPI ankle brachial pressure index
- †For Model 1, n varies by variable used: log CRP n = 1075, log IL-6 n = 1085, log tPA n = 1074, log D-dimer n = 1074, log vWF n = 1074, log hs-cTnT n = 1075, log NT-proBNP n = 1075, CIMT n = 1081, cfPWV n = 1022, DC n = 1076, ABPI n = 1032
