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Table 1 Implementation of housing adaptations, by year, certified care support level, and other individual factors

From: Implementation and costs of housing adaptations among older adults with different functional limitations in Japan

 

Total n (%) n = 10,372

Implemented n (%) n = 1622

Not implemented n (%) n = 8750

p-value

Index year

 Year 2010

1209 (11.7)

205 (12.6)

1004 (11.5)

0.191

 Year 2011

972 (9.4)

138 (8.5)

834 (9.5)

 

 Year 2012

1149 (11.1)

161 (9.9)

988 (11.3)

 

 Year 2013

1246 (12.0)

185 (11.4)

1061 (12.1)

 

 Year 2014

1323 (12.8)

213 (13.1)

1110 (12.7)

 

 Year 2015

1289 (12.4)

216 (13.3)

1073 (12.3)

 

 Year 2016

1258 (12.1)

214 (13.2)

1044 (11.9)

 

 Year 2017

1384 (13.3)

217 (13.4)

1167 (13.3)

 

 Year 2018

542 (5.2)

73 (4.5)

469 (5.4)

 

Certified level

 Care support level 1

5892 (56.8)

824 (50.8)

5068 (57.9)

 < 0.001

 Care support level 2

4480 (43.2)

798 (49.2)

3682 (42.1)

 

Predisposing characteristics

Age

 65 to 74 years old

2464 (23.8)

388 (23.9)

2076 (23.7)

0.097

 75 to 84 years old

5689 (54.8)

919 (56.7)

4770 (54.5)

 

 ≥ 85 years old

2219 (21.4)

315 (19.4)

1904 (21.8)

 

Sex

 Male

3880 (37.4)

551 (34.0)

3329 (38.0)

0.002

 Female

6492 (62.6)

1071 (66.0)

5421 (62.0)

 

Enabling resources

Household income level

 Person receiving public assistance

689 (6.6)

21 (1.3)

668 (7.6)

 < 0.001

 Low (Level 1 to 4)

5470 (52.7)

880 (54.3)

4590 (52.5)

 

 Middle (Level 5; standard)

956 (9.2)

177 (10.9)

779 (8.9)

 

 High (Level 6 to 18)

3257 (31.4)

544 (33.5)

2713 (31.0)

 

Need factors

Specific medical procedures in the last 14 days at LTC needs assessment

 Not received

9866 (95.1)

1570 (96.8)

8296 (94.8)

0.001

 Received

506 (4.9)

52 (3.2)

454 (5.2)

 

Disability levels

 Independent to level J1

577 (5.6)

72 (4.4)

505 (5.8)

 < 0.001

 Level J2

4845 (46.7)

679 (41.9)

4166 (47.6)

 

 Level A1

2378 (22.9)

431 (26.6)

1947 (22.3)

 

 Level A2

2317 (22.3)

370 (22.8)

1947 (22.3)

 

 Level B1 or worse

255 (2.5)

70 (4.3)

185 (2.1)

 
  1. χ2 test. Significant p-values are bolded