Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants by physical performance

Female

49.5%

49

37.1

103

58.9

< 0.01

Age (mean ± SD)ª

80.6 ± 3.62

132

79.8 ± 3.62

175

81.2 ± 3.50

< 0.01

Ethnicity (1 = self-report about speaking an indigenous language)

53.7%

72

54.55

93

53.14

0.81

Literacy (yes = 1)

42.3%

66

50.0

64

36.6

0.02

Smoking habit (1 = consumed at least 100 cigarettes in their life)

35.8%

57

43.2

53

30.3

0.02

Alcohol consumption (yes = 1)

19.8%

31

23.5

30

17.1

0.17

Limitation in ADL

21.8%

18

13.7

49

28.0

< 0.01

Limitation in IADL

55.1%

47

35.6

122

69.7

< 0.01

Hypertension

49.5%

53

40.2

99

56.6

< 0.01

Diabetes

14.3%

14

10.6

30

17.1

0.11

Body mass index (mean ± SD)ª

24.7 ± 4.1

132

23.9 ± 4.0

175

24.7 ± 4.1

0.09

 Underweight

7.2%

11

8.3

11

6.3

 Normal

52.4%

74

56.1

87

49.7

0.35

 Overweight

31.6%

39

29.6

58

33.1

 Obese

8.8%

8

6.1

19

10.9

 Low

42.0%

30

22.7

99

56.6

 Moderate

32.9%

50

37.9

51

29.1

< 0.01

 High

25.1%

52

39.4

25

14.3

Physical Activity [MET – minutes/week] (mean ± SD)ª

2516.8 ± 4086

132

3955.8 ± 5158.6

175

1431.451 ± 2564.5

< 0.01

SPPB total score (0–12 poinst) ^b

6.62 ± 2.75

132

9.05 ± 1.17

175

4.79 ± 2.09

< 0.01

SPPB - Balance score^b

2.85 ± 1.35

132

3.78 ± 0.5

175

2.86 ± 1.35

< 0.01

SPPB - Walking score^b

2.47 ± 1.05

132

3.25 ± 0.57

175

2.46 ± 1.05

< 0.01

SPPB- Chair/ stand score^b

1.32 ± 1.07

132

2.02 ± 1.08

175

1.32 ± 1.07

< 0.01