| |
Intervention group (n = 112)
|
Control group (n = 87)
|
Difference between groups Δ6th month
|
|---|
| |
Baseline, mean (SD)
|
Change ≥6 mo, mean (SD)
|
Baseline, mean (SD)
|
Change ≥6 mo, mean (SD)
|
Mean
|
95% CI
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Energy (kcal/d)
|
1490.3 (415.7)
|
15.0 (379.9)
|
1278.9.0 (377.4)
|
92.8 (441.8)
|
−77.8
|
−33.7 to 182.0
|
0.177
|
|
Energy (kcal/kgBW)
|
22.5 (7.3)
|
0.2 (5.8)
|
17.7 (5,6)
|
1.4 (6.3)
|
−1.2
|
−3.0 to 0.5
|
0.158
|
|
Carbohydrates (kcal/d)
|
723.8 (224.1)
|
−5.6 (207.0)
|
644.8 (198.5)
|
48.7 (249.1)
|
−54.3
|
−118.1 to 9.4
|
0.094
|
|
Fat (kcal/d)
|
468.6 (167.1)
|
−8.6 (187.1))
|
379.8 (152.8)
|
24.5 (173.0)
|
−33.1
|
−84.1 to 17.9
|
0.202
|
|
Protein (kcal/d)
|
239.2 (72.4)
|
24.5 (76.3)
|
210.4 (67.4)
|
13.2 (75.8)
|
11.3
|
−10.1 to 32.7
|
0.289
|
|
Carbohydrates E%
|
49.3 (6.5)
|
−0.8 (8.1)
|
50.6 (7.5)
|
−0.1 (9.0)
|
−0.7
|
−3.0 to 1.7
|
0.577
|
|
Fat E%
|
31.3 (5.7)
|
−0.8 (7.4)
|
29.4 (6.2)
|
0.1 (8.4)
|
−0.9
|
−3.2 to 1.2
|
0.383
|
|
Protein E%
|
16.1 (2.8)
|
1.4 (3.7)
|
16.5 (3.1)
|
−0.3 (3.9)
|
1.7
|
0.6 to 2.7
|
0.002
|
|
Protein (g/kgBW)
|
0.9 (0.3)
|
0.09 (0.3)
|
0.7 (0.2)
|
0.05 (0.3)
|
0.04
|
0.05 to 0.2
|
0.003
|
|
Fibre (g)
|
20.7 (8.7)
|
0.8 (8.4)
|
18.3 (6.9)
|
−0.3 (6.3)
|
1.1
|
0.2 to 4.3
|
0.034
|
|
Vitamins/d
|
|
A (μg)
|
651.1 (1103.6)
|
−45.7 (1133.9)
|
408.7 (385.2)
|
134.0 (792.0)
|
179.9
|
− 129.6 to 203.8
|
0.661
|
|
D (μg)
|
8.5 (4.4)
|
2.1 (8.0)
|
7.6 (4.0)
|
0.7 (4.5)
|
1.4
|
0.7 to 4.4
|
0.007
|
|
E (mg)
|
7.8 (3.5)
|
0.6 (3.6)
|
6.0 (2.7)
|
0.5 (2.5)
|
0.1
|
0.4 to 2.2
|
0.004
|
|
Thiamine (mg)
|
1.3 (0.6)
|
0.02 (0.6)
|
1.2 (0.5)
|
−0.03 (0.6)
|
0.05
|
0.02 to 0.3
|
0.024
|
|
Riboflavin (mg)
|
1.8 (0.6)
|
0.1 (0.6)
|
1.6 (0.6)
|
0.2 (0.7)
|
−0.1
|
−0.06 to 0.3
|
0.192
|
|
B12 (μg)
|
3.8 (4.1)
|
0.7 (5.7)
|
3.1 (1.9)
|
0.5 (3.1)
|
0.2
|
0.02 to 2.6
|
0.023
|
|
Folate (μg)
|
210.9 (114.0)
|
8.7 (107.0)
|
182.4 (68.4)
|
8.4 (95.6)
|
0.3
|
1.5 to 46.5
|
0.036
|
|
Minerals/d (mg)
|
|
Calcium
|
979.3 (344.0)
|
100.0 (380.1)
|
837.6 (365.7)
|
113.3 (414.8)
|
−13.3
|
−34.4 to 188.3
|
0.174
|
|
Iron
|
10.0 (3.9)
|
0.4 (4.0)
|
8.8 (2.9)
|
−0.1 (3.0)
|
0.5
|
0.6 to 2.4
|
0.002
|
|
Zinc
|
10.0 (3.1)
|
0.5 (2.8)
|
8.9 (2.9)
|
−0.2 (3.0)
|
0.7
|
0.6 to 2.2
|
0.001
|
- SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, kcal/d kilocalorie per day, g/kgBW gram per kilogram body weight, g gram, μg microgram, mg milligram, E% energy per cent, vitamins/d vitamins per day.
