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Table 3 Dietary intake of nutrients at baseline and after intervention among homecare clients with protein-energy malnutrition or risk of it in the intervention and control group

From: Effect of individually tailored nutritional counselling on protein and energy intake among older people receiving home care at risk of or having malnutrition: a non-randomised intervention study

 

Intervention group (n = 112)

Control group (n = 87)

Difference between groups Δ6th month

 

Baseline, mean (SD)

Change ≥6 mo, mean (SD)

Baseline, mean (SD)

Change ≥6 mo, mean (SD)

Mean

95% CI

P value

Energy (kcal/d)

1490.3 (415.7)

15.0 (379.9)

1278.9.0 (377.4)

92.8 (441.8)

−77.8

−33.7 to 182.0

0.177

Energy (kcal/kgBW)

22.5 (7.3)

0.2 (5.8)

17.7 (5,6)

1.4 (6.3)

−1.2

−3.0 to 0.5

0.158

Carbohydrates (kcal/d)

723.8 (224.1)

−5.6 (207.0)

644.8 (198.5)

48.7 (249.1)

−54.3

−118.1 to 9.4

0.094

Fat (kcal/d)

468.6 (167.1)

−8.6 (187.1))

379.8 (152.8)

24.5 (173.0)

−33.1

−84.1 to 17.9

0.202

Protein (kcal/d)

239.2 (72.4)

24.5 (76.3)

210.4 (67.4)

13.2 (75.8)

11.3

−10.1 to 32.7

0.289

Carbohydrates E%

49.3 (6.5)

−0.8 (8.1)

50.6 (7.5)

−0.1 (9.0)

−0.7

−3.0 to 1.7

0.577

Fat E%

31.3 (5.7)

−0.8 (7.4)

29.4 (6.2)

0.1 (8.4)

−0.9

−3.2 to 1.2

0.383

Protein E%

16.1 (2.8)

1.4 (3.7)

16.5 (3.1)

−0.3 (3.9)

1.7

0.6 to 2.7

0.002

Protein (g/kgBW)

0.9 (0.3)

0.09 (0.3)

0.7 (0.2)

0.05 (0.3)

0.04

0.05 to 0.2

0.003

Fibre (g)

20.7 (8.7)

0.8 (8.4)

18.3 (6.9)

−0.3 (6.3)

1.1

0.2 to 4.3

0.034

Vitamins/d

 A (μg)

651.1 (1103.6)

−45.7 (1133.9)

408.7 (385.2)

134.0 (792.0)

179.9

− 129.6 to 203.8

0.661

 D (μg)

8.5 (4.4)

2.1 (8.0)

7.6 (4.0)

0.7 (4.5)

1.4

0.7 to 4.4

0.007

 E (mg)

7.8 (3.5)

0.6 (3.6)

6.0 (2.7)

0.5 (2.5)

0.1

0.4 to 2.2

0.004

 Thiamine (mg)

1.3 (0.6)

0.02 (0.6)

1.2 (0.5)

−0.03 (0.6)

0.05

0.02 to 0.3

0.024

 Riboflavin (mg)

1.8 (0.6)

0.1 (0.6)

1.6 (0.6)

0.2 (0.7)

−0.1

−0.06 to 0.3

0.192

 B12 (μg)

3.8 (4.1)

0.7 (5.7)

3.1 (1.9)

0.5 (3.1)

0.2

0.02 to 2.6

0.023

 Folate (μg)

210.9 (114.0)

8.7 (107.0)

182.4 (68.4)

8.4 (95.6)

0.3

1.5 to 46.5

0.036

Minerals/d (mg)

 Calcium

979.3 (344.0)

100.0 (380.1)

837.6 (365.7)

113.3 (414.8)

−13.3

−34.4 to 188.3

0.174

 Iron

10.0 (3.9)

0.4 (4.0)

8.8 (2.9)

−0.1 (3.0)

0.5

0.6 to 2.4

0.002

 Zinc

10.0 (3.1)

0.5 (2.8)

8.9 (2.9)

−0.2 (3.0)

0.7

0.6 to 2.2

0.001

  1. SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, kcal/d kilocalorie per day, g/kgBW gram per kilogram body weight, g gram, μg microgram, mg milligram, E% energy per cent, vitamins/d vitamins per day.