Intervention group (n = 112) | Control group (n = 87) | Difference between groups Δ6th month | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline, mean (SD) | Change ≥6 mo, mean (SD) | Baseline, mean (SD) | Change ≥6 mo, mean (SD) | Mean | 95% CI | P value | |
Energy (kcal/d) | 1490.3 (415.7) | 15.0 (379.9) | 1278.9.0 (377.4) | 92.8 (441.8) | −77.8 | −33.7 to 182.0 | 0.177 |
Energy (kcal/kgBW) | 22.5 (7.3) | 0.2 (5.8) | 17.7 (5,6) | 1.4 (6.3) | −1.2 | −3.0 to 0.5 | 0.158 |
Carbohydrates (kcal/d) | 723.8 (224.1) | −5.6 (207.0) | 644.8 (198.5) | 48.7 (249.1) | −54.3 | −118.1 to 9.4 | 0.094 |
Fat (kcal/d) | 468.6 (167.1) | −8.6 (187.1)) | 379.8 (152.8) | 24.5 (173.0) | −33.1 | −84.1 to 17.9 | 0.202 |
Protein (kcal/d) | 239.2 (72.4) | 24.5 (76.3) | 210.4 (67.4) | 13.2 (75.8) | 11.3 | −10.1 to 32.7 | 0.289 |
Carbohydrates E% | 49.3 (6.5) | −0.8 (8.1) | 50.6 (7.5) | −0.1 (9.0) | −0.7 | −3.0 to 1.7 | 0.577 |
Fat E% | 31.3 (5.7) | −0.8 (7.4) | 29.4 (6.2) | 0.1 (8.4) | −0.9 | −3.2 to 1.2 | 0.383 |
Protein E% | 16.1 (2.8) | 1.4 (3.7) | 16.5 (3.1) | −0.3 (3.9) | 1.7 | 0.6 to 2.7 | 0.002 |
Protein (g/kgBW) | 0.9 (0.3) | 0.09 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.05 (0.3) | 0.04 | 0.05 to 0.2 | 0.003 |
Fibre (g) | 20.7 (8.7) | 0.8 (8.4) | 18.3 (6.9) | −0.3 (6.3) | 1.1 | 0.2 to 4.3 | 0.034 |
Vitamins/d | |||||||
A (μg) | 651.1 (1103.6) | −45.7 (1133.9) | 408.7 (385.2) | 134.0 (792.0) | 179.9 | − 129.6 to 203.8 | 0.661 |
D (μg) | 8.5 (4.4) | 2.1 (8.0) | 7.6 (4.0) | 0.7 (4.5) | 1.4 | 0.7 to 4.4 | 0.007 |
E (mg) | 7.8 (3.5) | 0.6 (3.6) | 6.0 (2.7) | 0.5 (2.5) | 0.1 | 0.4 to 2.2 | 0.004 |
Thiamine (mg) | 1.3 (0.6) | 0.02 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.5) | −0.03 (0.6) | 0.05 | 0.02 to 0.3 | 0.024 |
Riboflavin (mg) | 1.8 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.7) | −0.1 | −0.06 to 0.3 | 0.192 |
B12 (μg) | 3.8 (4.1) | 0.7 (5.7) | 3.1 (1.9) | 0.5 (3.1) | 0.2 | 0.02 to 2.6 | 0.023 |
Folate (μg) | 210.9 (114.0) | 8.7 (107.0) | 182.4 (68.4) | 8.4 (95.6) | 0.3 | 1.5 to 46.5 | 0.036 |
Minerals/d (mg) | |||||||
Calcium | 979.3 (344.0) | 100.0 (380.1) | 837.6 (365.7) | 113.3 (414.8) | −13.3 | −34.4 to 188.3 | 0.174 |
Iron | 10.0 (3.9) | 0.4 (4.0) | 8.8 (2.9) | −0.1 (3.0) | 0.5 | 0.6 to 2.4 | 0.002 |
Zinc | 10.0 (3.1) | 0.5 (2.8) | 8.9 (2.9) | −0.2 (3.0) | 0.7 | 0.6 to 2.2 | 0.001 |