Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants with protein-energy malnutrition or risk of it in the intervention and control group
Intervention group (n = 112) | Control group (n = 87) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | |||
Female, % (n) | 73.2 (82) | 71.3 (62) | 0.760 |
Age, mean (SD) | 84.3 (5.1) | 84.3 (5.3) | 0.983 |
Education in years, mean (SD) | 9.0 (3.9) | 6.8 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
Living alone, % (n) | 65.5 (72) | 66.3 (57) | 0.904 |
Clinical | |||
MNA, mean (SD) (range) | 21.2 (2.1) (12.5–27.5) | 21.6 (2.3) (12.5–27) | 0.274 |
≥24% (n) | 87.5 (98) | 87.4 (76) | 0,977 |
≤23.5% (n) | 12.5 (14) | 12.6 (11) | |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) (range) | 26.6 (5.5) (15.6–46.1) | 28.4 (6.4) (17.7–51.8) | 0.043 |
< 24% (n) | 27.6 (31) | 22.9 (20) | 0.053 |
24–29% (n) | 47.3 (53) | 40.2 (35) | |
> 29%(n) | 35.0 (28) | 36.8 (32) | |
Plasma albumin (g/L), mean (SD) (range) | 35.3 (3.0) (27.0–40.0) | 36.8 (3.8) (28.0–45.0) | 0.028 |
Number of drugs ≥10, % (n) | 53.2 (59) | 60.9 (53) | 0.274 |
Oral health | |||
Dry mouth, % (n) | 57.7 (64) | 56.3 (49) | 0.851 |
Chewing problems, % (n) | 18.8 (19) | 19.8 (17) | 0.896 |
Functional clinical | |||
FCI, mean (SD) | 2.5 (1.7) | 3.6 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
cardiovascular diseases, % (n) | 61.6 (69) | 65.5 (57) | 0.570 |
diabetes, % (n) | 29.5 (33) | 34.5 (30) | 0.450 |
MMSE, mean (SD) | 23.1 (5.3) | 22.6 (5.1) | 0.554 |
< 24, % (n) | 40.7 (44) | 47.6 (40) | 0.341 |
< 18, % (n) | 13.9 (15) | 14.3 (12) | 0.937 |
GDS-15, ≥5, % (n) | 44 (48) | 52.9 (46) | 0.219 |
Functional ability | |||
ADL, mean (SD) | 83.1 (18.2) | 84.9 (20.0) | 0.512 |
< 60, % (n) | 11.0 (12) | 8.1 (7) | 0.502 |
IADL mean (SD) | 4.8 (2.2) | 4.4 (2.3) | 0.249 |
< 5, % (n) | 43.1 (47) | 50 (42) | 0.342 |
Walks 400 m independently, % (n) | 60 (66) | 60.9 (53) | 0.896 |